Table 5.
Examples of methods of diagnosis of lameness in dairy cattle and their effectiveness.
| Diagnostic Method | Specificity % | Sensitivity % | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal imaging (depends on temperature) |
28.1–77.8 | 55.4–92.9 | [63] |
| Visual techniques | 76–91 | - | [64] |
| 5-point scale 1–2° 3° 4–5° |
60 90.9 81.2 |
- | [65] |
| Automatic gait and behaviour measurements | |||
| Measurement of walking cows | 75–96 | - | [63] |
| Measurement of standing cows | >96 | 96.4 | |
| Pressure-sensitive position mat Stride length, stride time, stance time, step overlap, abduction, left vs. right limb asymmetry, step width asymmetry, step length asymmetry, step time asymmetry, stance time asymmetry, relative step force asymmetry |
86–100 | 85–90 | [64] |
| Measuring gait and/or activity with accelerometers | 75–96% | - | [66] |