Table 8.

Chemical agents used for hoof baths (Bednarski, [99], our own modification).

Substance	Concentration	Properties	Side Effects
Formalin	3–5%	Disinfecting and drying	Carcinogenic properties
Copper sulfate CuSO4	3–5%	Disinfecting and drying; hardens the hoof horn	Potential toxic effects in cows Negative environmental impact
Zinc sulfate ZnSO4	5% (10–20%)	Disinfecting and healing; strengthens the hoof horn	None
Other: copper nitrate, urea,	Depends on substance	Disinfecting and healing; strengthens the hoof horn	Copper nitrate is slightly irritating.