Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 20;14(12):1836. doi: 10.3390/ani14121836

Table 8.

Chemical agents used for hoof baths (Bednarski, [99], our own modification).

Substance Concentration Properties Side Effects
Formalin 3–5% Disinfecting and drying Carcinogenic properties
Copper sulfate CuSO4 3–5% Disinfecting and drying; hardens the hoof horn Potential toxic effects in cows
Negative environmental impact
Zinc sulfate ZnSO4 5% (10–20%) Disinfecting and healing; strengthens the hoof horn None
Other: copper nitrate, urea, Depends on substance Disinfecting and healing; strengthens the hoof horn Copper nitrate is slightly irritating.