Table 2.
Characteristics of houses and related environmental factors in the study villages
| Variables | Total | Kitoma | Kitwechenkura | Nyakabwera | Rubuga | Ruko | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cIndividuals assessed in CSSa | 4128 | 670 | 733 | 1158 | 875 | 692 | |
| cHouses assessed during censusb | 995 | 163 | 189 | 271 | 208 | 164 | |
| Family size | |||||||
| < 4 people | 838 (20.3) | 146 (21.8) | 157 (21.4) | 236 (20.4) | 159 (18.2) | 138 (19.9) | 0.453 |
| ≥ 4 people | 3290 (79.7) | 524 (78.2) | 576 (78.6) | 922 (79.6) | 716 (81.8) | 554 (80.1) | |
| Type of eaves | |||||||
| Open | 1274 (30.9) | 236 (35.2) | 228 (31.1) | 328 (28.3) | 181 (20.7) | 301 (43.5) | < 0.001 |
| Closed | 2854 (69.1) | 434 (64.8) | 505 (68.9) | 830 (71.7) | 694 (79.3) | 391 (56.5) | |
| Type of windows | |||||||
| Closed | 728(17.6) | 111 (16.6) | 166 (22.6) | 179 (15.5) | 181 (20.7) | 91 (13.2) | < 0.001 |
| Open | 3010 (72.9) | 495 (73.9) | 536 (73.1) | 895 (77.2) | 618 (70.6) | 466 (67.3) | |
| Partially open | 239 (5.8) | 38 (5.7) | 26 (3.5) | 60 (5.2) | 59 (6.7) | 56 (8.1) | |
| No window | 151 (3.7) | 26 (3.9) | 5 (0.7) | 24 (2.1) | 17 (1.9) | 79 (11.4) | |
| Type of floor | |||||||
| Soil/sand | 3369 (81.6) | 516(77.0) | 566 (77.2) | 1,046 (90.3) | 661 (75.5) | 580 (83.8) | < 0.001 |
| Cement | 759(18.4) | 154 (30.0) | 167 (22.8) | 112 (9.7) | 214 (24.5) | 112 (16.2) | |
| Socio-economic status (SES) of HH | |||||||
| Low | 1479 (35.8) | 266 (39.7) | 199 (27.1) | 415(35.8) | 305(34.9) | 294 (42.5) | < 0.001 |
| Medium | 1330 (32.2) | 197(29.4) | 268 (36.5) | 334 (28.9) | 320 (36.6) | 211 (30.5) | |
| High | 1319 (32.0) | 207 (30.9) | 266 (36.4) | 409 (35.3) | 250(28.5) | 187 (27.0) | |
| Vegetation around the house | |||||||
| No vegetation | 356(8.6) | 46 (6.9) | 58 (7.9) | 137 (11.8) | 68 (7.8) | 48 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Short vegetation | 1586 (38.4) | 307 (45.8) | 192 (26.2) | 510 (44) | 226 (25.8) | 349 (50.4) | |
| Tall vegetation | 2186 (53) | 317 (47.3) | 483 (65.9) | 511 (44.1) | 581 (66.4) | 295 (42.6) | |
| Presence of bushes around the house | |||||||
| Yes | 2026 (49.1) | 351 (52.4) | 308 (42.0) | 514 (44.4) | 490 (56.0) | 363 (52.5) | |
| No | 2102 (50.9) | 319 (47.6) | 425 (58.0) | 644 (55.6) | 385 (44.0) | 329 (47.5) | < 0.001 |
aIndividuals who were recruited in the CSS and had their households assessed during the census. Among all participants, 326/4454 (7.3%) individuals had missing household characteristics
bNumber of houses where study participants came from, and these houses were assessed during the census survey in February 2023
cNumber of individuals/houses
HH household