Table 2.
Summary of the studies conducted on human perilymph.
| Years | Number of Subjects | Cause of Hearing Loss | Perilympatic Components Analyzed | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mavel et al. [27] | 2018 | 23 | CMV; trauma; MD | Metabolome | A fingerprinting was obtained from 98 robust metabolites |
| Edvardsson Rasmussen et al. [28] | 2018 | 16 | VS | Proteome | Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, P02765, was shown to be an independent variable for tumor-associated hearing loss |
| Lin et al. [29] | 2019 | 5 | MD | Proteome | A total of 228 proteins were identified that were common across the samples from patients with Meniere’s disease, showing 38 proteins with significantly differential abundance |
| Thrin et al. [30] | 2019 | 19 | n/a | Metabolome | A total of 106 different metabolites were identified; metabolomic profiles were significantly different for subjects with ≤12 or >12 years of hearing loss |
| de Vires et al. [31] | 2019 | 38 | MD, CMV, EVA, CHARGE, meningitis | Proteome | (1) BDNF is expressed in cochleartissue in normal hearing individuals; (2) there was overall a decreased level of expression of BDNF-regulated proteins in profoundly hearing-impaired patients compared to patients with some residual hearing |
| Warnecke et al. [7] | 2019 | 43 | n/a | Proteome | Multiplex protein analyses are feasible in very small samples (1 microL or less); higher IGFBP1 levels were measured in patients with complete loss of auditory function compared to patients with residual hearing |
| Shew et al. [32] | 2021 | 10 | MD | miRNA | In the perilymph of patients with MD, authors identified 16 differentially expressed miRNAs |
| Schmitt et al. [33] | 2021 | 31 | MD, OS, EVA | Proteome | Overall, 895 different proteins were found in allsamples; based on quantification values, a disease-specific protein distributionin the perilymph was demonstrated |
| van Dieken et al. [34] | 2022 | 38 | n/a | Proteome | Authors proposed a human protein atlas of the cochlea |
OS: otosclerosis; VS: vestibular schwannoma; CMV: citomegalovirus infection; MD: Meniere’s disease; EVA: enlarged vestibular aqueduct; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CHARGE: coloboma, heart defect, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies/deafness; n/a: not applicable.