Table 2.

Delivery and perinatal complications and congenital defects by participant sex and overall.

	Participant Sex		Unadjusted p-Value	Adjusted p-Value
	Female (Mothers)	Male (Fathers)
Number of offspring	182	46
Preterm Delivery (%)	58.0%	15.2%	<0.0001	<0.0001
Respiratory Distress (%)	21.6%	50.0%	0.0541 *	0.2465
Neonatal hypoglycemia (%)	34.6%	30.0%	1.0000 *	0.6370
Cardiac Anomalies (%)	12.5%	2.2%	0.0521 *	0.0630
Other anomalies (%)	11.4%	8.9%	0.7902 *	1.0000 *

p-value compares the outcomes for the females (mothers) and the males (fathers). Adjustments are participant race/ethnicity, income and age at final study visit. Percentages represent the proportion present among the known outcomes (i.e., excludes responses of unknown or don’t know). * Indicates testing using exact tests.