Table 3.

Synergistic effects of apigenin with other drugs/natural compounds.

Apigenin	Compound/Drugs	Study Type	Outcome	Refs.
Apigenin	Ampicillin and ceftriaxone	In vitro	The combined use of ampicillin and ceftriaxone, along with apigenin, has demonstrated synergistic activity with FIC indices ranging from 0.18–0.47 The combination of ampicillin and ceftriaxone, along with apigenin, can damage the cytoplasmic membrane of MRSA	[170]
	Naringenin	In vitro	The combination of apigenin as well as naringenin treatment caused cytotoxicity with cell-cycle arrest Combination treatment activated the apoptotic pathway and enhanced mitochondria dysfunction versus apigenin-only groups	[184]
	Curcumin	In vitro	The co-nanoencapsulation of curcumin and apigenin shows applications in utilizing their synergistic anti-inflammatory properties Combinations of free polyphenols showed good inhibition of nitric oxide production, which was additionally increased after co-encapsulation	[185]
	Tyroservatide	In vitro and in vivo	The combined form displayed inhibitory tumor-growth potential	[186]
	Myricetin	In vivo	Apigenin and myricetin, when combined, have a positive effect on reducing IL-6, MDA, blood BUN, and serum Cr levels and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity Renal tissue from cisplatin-treated mice pretreated combination showed fewer renal changes	[187]
	Curcumin	In vitro	Combination of curcumin and apigenin exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect	[188]
	Abiraterone acetate	In vitro	Co-administration of apigenin with abiraterone acetate prompted apoptosis	[189]
	Curcumin	In vitro	Combination induces cell death and apoptosis, as well as block cell-cycle progression in lung cancer cells	[190]
	Sorafenib	In vitro	Combined treatment of sorafenib and apigenin decreased cell viability as compared to single treatment only	[191]
	Paclitaxel	In vitro	This compound can sensitize cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis	[192]
	Etoposide or cyclophosphamide	In vitro	Combining apigenin with etoposide or cyclophosphamide triggers apoptosis This is achieved by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, which in turn promotes the activation of caspase-9 and -3	[193]
	Cisplatin	In vitro	When apigenin is combined with etoposide or cyclophosphamide, it can trigger apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. This leads to the phosphorylation of p53, which in turn results in p53 accumulation as well as upregulation of proapoptotic proteins	[194]
		In vitro	Apigenin repressed CD 133 positive cells and enhanced the antitumor effect of CDDP in cancer cells.	[195]