Table 1.

The role of CaSR in different human organs and its effects in the selected types of cancers.

Organs or Tracts	The Role of CaSR	Presence of CaSR in Cancer	Effects of Presence or Absence of CaSR in Cancer
Parathyroid Gland	Preserving Ca2+ homeostasis through the regulation of processes such as PTH secretion, PTH gene expression, parathyroid cellular proliferation	Low level /absence	Lack of control over the differentiation and hyperplasia of parathyroid cells
Thyroid	Stimulation of CaSRs on parafollicular C-cells leads to secretion of calcitonin	No data	No data
Bones	Regulates growth plate chondrogenesis and stimulates longitudinal bone growth	No data	No data
Colon	The CaSR exerts inhibitory effects on proliferation and regulates the terminal differentiation of cells	Absence	Diminished integrity of the intestinal barrier
Kidneys	Inhibits the inhibitory effect of PTH, inhibits renal calcium excretion in the cTAL of the loop of Henle, diminishes urinary concentration capacity in the inner medullary collecting duct	No data	No data
Breasts	Regulation of calcium homeostasis and milk production	Present	The CaSR acts as a stimulator of tumorigenesis by promoting the secretion of PTHrP, which is responsible for hypercalcemia and cancer progression