Table 2.
Characteristics of 503 PAD patients (N = 503) divided into risk groups based on their MCR score.
| Variable | Score = 3 (N = 100) |
Score = 4 (N = 115) |
Score = 5 (N = 140) |
Score = 6 (N = 148) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 59.14 ± 12.07 | 67.76 ± 11.06 | 72.2 ± 10.54 | 79.60 ± 6.800 | <0.0001 * |
| Sex (Male) | 86 (86) | 93 (80.87) | 84 (60) | 63 (42.57) | <0.0001 * |
| BMI | 23.96 ± 3.85 | 24.48 ± 4.414 | 23.59 ± 3.503 | 23.93 ± 3.881 | 0.341 |
| CHF (C) | 13 (13) | 50 (43.48) | 67 (47.86) | 108 (72.97) | <0.0001 * |
| HTN | 52 (52) | 101 (87.82) | 136 (97.14) | 147 (99.32) | <0.0001 * |
| DM | 44 (44) | 89 (77.39) | 107 (76.43) | 136 (91.89) | <0.0001 * |
| Stroke (S)/TIA | 3 (3) | 7 (6.09) | 28 (20) | 53 (35.81) | <0.0001 * |
| Vascular disease | 100 (100) | 115 (100) | 140 (100) | 148 (100) | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 36 (36) | 51 (44.53) | 69 (49.28) | 85 (57.43) | 0.008 * |
| SMK (smoking) | 63 (63) | 60 (52.17) | 44 (31.43) | 28 (18.92) | <0.0001 * |
| CR disease | 28 (28) | 60 (52.17) | 85 (60.71) | 90 (60.81) | <0.0001 * |
| Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | 3 (3) | 15 (13.04) | 15 (10.71) | 20 (13.51) | 0.022 * |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | 22 (22) | 57 (49.57) | 77 (55) | 83 (56.08) | <0.0001 * |
| Old myocardial infarction (MI) | 5 (5) | 19 (16.52) | 26 (18.57) | 29 (19.59) | 0.004 * |
| COPD | 2 (2) | 2 (1.74) | 9 (6.43) | 8 (5.4) | 0.168 |
| CKD | 35 (35) | 70 (60.87) | 109 (77.86) | 105 (70.95) | <0.0001 * |
| HD/PD | 25 (25) | 42 (36.52) | 55 (39.29) | 59 (39.86) | 0.069 |
| Cardiac rehabilitation (Cr) score | 2.65 ± 3.24 | 3.493 ± 3.569 | 3.536 ± 2.898 | 3.226 ± 2.553 | 0.136 |
| Atrial fibrillation (Af) | 10 (10) | 19 (16.52) | 40 (28.47) | 51 (34.46) | <0.0001 * |
| Immune-related disease (Imd) | 10 (10) | 3 (2.61) | 4 (2.86) | 4 (2.70) | 0.033 * |
| HbA1C | 7.013 ± 1.928 | 7.675 ± 2.129 | 7.285 ± 1.600 | 7.298 ± 1.799 | 0.072 |
| Cholesterol | 163.65 ± 40.72 | 149.50 ± 42.07 | 147.81 ± 40.29 | 142.05 ± 32.99 | 0.0003 * |
| LDL | 93 ± 34.675 | 82.03 ± 32.08 | 83.22 ± 36.68 | 78.01 ± 28.69 | 0.006 * |
| HDL | 43.76 ± 18.288 | 43.02 ± 16.36 | 41.53 ± 12.31 | 43.770 ± 14.486 | 0.542 |
| TG | 147.31 ± 99.34 | 131.71 ± 93.15 | 129.2 ± 72.41 | 120.67 ± 73.13 | 0.106 |
| Glu | 135.29 ± 65.37 | 154.71 ± 80.44 | 147.75 ± 68.83 | 143.44 ± 63.002 | 0.216 |
| Medications | |||||
| ASA | 79 (79) | 88 (76.52) | 111 (79.29) | 107 (72.30) | 0.504 |
| Clopidgrel | 76 (79) | 97 (84.35) | 124 (88.57) | 130 (87.84) | 0.0428 |
| Cilostazol | 62 (62) | 77 (66.96) | 79 (56.43) | 83 (56.08) | 0.242 |
| Pentoxyphilline | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.67) | 1 |
| Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) | 15 (15) | 11 (9.56) | 24 (17.14) | 23 (15.54) | 0.349 |
| ACEIARB | 35 (35) | 54 (46.96) | 67 (47.86) | 64 (43.24) | 0.204 |
| Statin | 57 (57) | 63 (54.78) | 81 (57.86) | 82 (55.41) | 0.958 |
| Betablocker | 22 (22) | 48 (41.74) | 58 (41.43) | 61 (41.22) | 0.003 * |
| CCB | 37 (37) | 43 (37.39) | 66 (47.14) | 55 (37.16) | 0.251 |
| Insulin | 13 (13) | 26 (22.61) | 28 (20) | 39 (26.35) | 0.076 |
| Rutherford classification | |||||
| 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| 4 | 36 (36) | 28 (24.34) | 34 (24.29) | 32 (21.62) | 0.079 |
| 5 | 55 (55) | 72 (62.61) | 86 (61.43) | 103 (69.59) | 0.129 |
| 6 | 9 (9) | 15 (13.04) | 20 (14.29) | 13 (8.78) | 0.394 |
| Target vessel | |||||
| CIA | 8 (8) | 11 (9.56) | 15 (10.71) | 7 (4.73) | 0.249 |
| EIA | 11 (11) | 11 (9.56) | 13 (9.29) | 10 (6.76) | 0.677 |
| CFA | 10 (10) | 4 (3.48) | 8 (5.71) | 5 (3.38) | 0.128 |
| SFA | 42 (42) | 59 (51.30) | 86 (61.43) | 98 (66.22) | 0.0007 * |
| ATA | 49 (49) | 62 (53.91) | 70 (50) | 67 (45.27) | 0.581 |
| Popliteal | 19 (19) | 19 (16.52) | 33 (23.57) | 36 (24.32) | 0.375 |
| Peroneal artery | 12 (12) | 22 (19.13) | 27 (19.29) | 35 (23.65) | 0.147 |
| Tibiofibular TP trunk | 9 (9) | 6 (5.21) | 23 (16.43) | 26 (17.57) | 0.005 * |
| PTA | 44 (44) | 46 (40) | 50 (35.71) | 56 (37.84) | 0.613 |
| DPA | 4 (4) | 4 (3.48) | 3 (2.14) | 4 (2.70) | 0.825 |
| Plantar artery | 2 (2) | 8 (6.96) | 8 (5.71) | 5 (3.38) | 0.269 |
Number of abnormal parameters (≤3, 4, 5, and ≥6). BMI: body mass index; CHF: chronic heart failure; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; TIA: transient ischemic attack; HPL: hyperlipidemia; SMK: smoking status; CAD: coronary artery disease; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; MI: myocardial infarction; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HD/PD: hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis; Cr: creatinine; Af: atrial fibrillation; Imd: immune-related disease; HbA1C: hemoglobin A1C; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; Glu: glucose. *: significant with p-value < 0.05.