Table 3.
Significant predictors of future attention/executive function
| Baseline predictor a | Univariate model b | Basic model c | Multivariable model d |
|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Age | -0.23 (-0.26 – -0.19)*** | -0.20 (-0.24 – -0.17)*** | -0.19 (-0.23 – -0.15)*** |
| Alcohol consumption e | |||
|
Q1 (≤ 0.23 standard drinks/day) Q2 (0.24–0.56 standard drinks /day) Q3 (0.57–1.01 standard drinks/day) Q4 (≥ 1.02 standard drinks/day) |
Reference 0.17 (0.08–0.27)*** 0.23 (0.13–0.32)*** 0.30 (0.20–0.40)*** |
Reference 0.15 (0.04–0.25)** 0.17 (0.07–0.28)*** 0.26 (0.16–0.37)*** |
Reference 0.12 (0.02–0.23)* 0.14 (0.04–0.25)** 0.21 (0.11–0.33)*** |
| BMI | -0.11 (-0.14 – -0.08)*** | -0.07 (-0.11 – -0.03)*** | -0.04 (-0.09 – -0.00)* |
| Diabetes f | -0.44 (-0.59 – -0.29)*** | -0.37 (-0.52 – -0.21)*** | Not included g |
| Education | |||
|
≤8 years 9–12 years >12 years |
Reference 0.35 (0.28–0.43)*** 0.48 (0.39–0.57)*** |
Reference 0.31 (0.23–0.40)*** 0.41 (0.31–0.50)*** |
Reference 0.29 (0.20–0.37)*** 0.35 (0.24–0.45)*** |
| Glucose (plasma) | -0.10 (-0.13 – -0.06) *** | -0.07 (-0.10 – -0.03)*** | Not included g |
| HbA 1c | -0.10 (-0.14 – -0.06)*** | -0.06 (-0.10 – -0.02)*** | -0.05 (-0.09 – -0.01)* |
| HDL-C | 0.10 (0.06–0.14)*** | 0.08 (0.04–0.13)*** | 0.06 (0.01–0.10)* |
| Hypertension h | -0.26 (-0.36 – -0.16)*** | -0.14 (-0.24 – -0.03)* | -0.10 (-0.21–0.01) |
| Sex (0 = men, 1 = women) | 0.11 (0.04–0.18)** | 0.09 (0.02–0.16)* | 0.07 (-0.02–0.16) |
| Systolic blood pressure | -0.12 (-0.15 – -0.08)*** | -0.03 (-0.07–0.01) | Not included |
| Stroke (prevalent or incident) | -0.54 (-0.67 – -0.41)*** | -0.41 (-0.54 – -0.28)*** | -0.41 (-0.56 – -0.27)*** |
Only predictors that were significant in the basic model are shown in Table 3. The predictors that were non-significant in the basic model are shown in eTable 2 and included: APOE, carotid stenosis, LDL-C, physical activity, smoking, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides. Predictors in bold represent the significant predictors from the multivariable model
a All continuous variables are shown as z-scores, (i.e., not alcohol, diabetes, education and sex)
b Including only the predictor and time between baseline and follow-up
c Including the predictor adjusted for age, sex, education, time between baseline and follow-up and prevalent or incident stroke
d One model combining all significant predictors from the basic models, adjusted for age, sex, education, time between baseline, prevalent or incident stroke and follow-up and blood lipid lowering medication
e Alcohol consumption in quartiles with lowest quartile as reference: Q1 ≤ 0.23 standard drinks/day (0–3.37 g/day); Q2 0.24–0.56 standard drinks/day (3.38–7.83 g/day); Q3 0.57–1.01 standard drinks/day (7.84–15.2 g/day); Q4 ≥ 1.02 standard drinks/day, (≥ 15.3 g/day)
f Defined as a diabetes diagnosis entered in the baseline questionnaire or having fasting plasma glucose levels > 6mmol/L at baseline
g To avoid collinearity issues, HbA1c, diabetes, and plasma glucose levels were not entered in the same model (only HbA1c in the multivariable model)
h Defined as hypertension from baseline questionnaire
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001