Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 18;21(6):795. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21060795

Table 4.

MMAT.

Screening Questions Qualitative Studies Quantitative Studies Mixed-Method Studies
First Author/Year Study Type S1 S2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
Are there clear research questions? Do the collected data allow us to address the research questions? Is the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question? Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question? Are the findings adequately derived from the data? Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data? Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis, and interpretation? Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question? Is the sample representative of the target population? Are the measurements appropriate? Is the risk of nonresponse bias low? Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question? Is there an adequate rationale for using a mixed-methods design to address the research question? Are the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question? Are the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted? Are divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed? Do the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved?
Akbar et al. 2018 Quantitative Descriptive study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Ali et al. 2021 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Araki 2013 Qualitative study Cannot tell Cannot tell Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Cannot tell
Banks et al. 2016 Mixed-Method study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cannot tell Cannot tell
Baumann et al. 2021 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Becker 2009 Quantitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bender et al. 2015 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Block et al. 2019 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Chamlee-Wright et al. 2011 Mixed-Method study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Clissold et al. 201 Qualitative study No Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Cox & Perry 2011 Qualitative study No Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Dionisio & Pawson 2016 Qualitative study No Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Easthope & Mort 2014 Qualitative study No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Harms et al. 2021 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Harvey et al. 2007 Mixed-Method study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Heinz et al. 2021 Mixed-Method study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Johnston et al. 2012 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Ku & Dominelli 2018 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Ku & Ma 2015 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Lalani et al. 2021 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Leadbeater 2013 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Linton 2017 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Mann et al. 2018 Qualitative study No Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Mohr 2014 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Onstad et al. 2013 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Osofky et al. 2018 Quantitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cannot tell Cannot tell
Rawson 2016 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Rivera-Munoz et al. 2020 Qualitative study Cannot tell Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Scott et al. 2017 Qualitative study Cannot tell Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Siver & Martin 2015 Mixed-Method study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Stofferahn, C. Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Storr & Haeffele-Balch 2012 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tamasese et al. 2020 Qualitative study Cannot tell Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tudor et al. 2015 Qualitative study Cannot tell Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Vallance 2011 Qualitative study Cannot tell Cannot tell Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
van Kessel et al. 2015 Qualitative study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes