Table 4.
MMAT.
| Screening Questions | Qualitative Studies | Quantitative Studies | Mixed-Method Studies | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Author/Year | Study Type | S1 | S2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 |
| Are there clear research questions? | Do the collected data allow us to address the research questions? | Is the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question? | Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question? | Are the findings adequately derived from the data? | Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data? | Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis, and interpretation? | Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question? | Is the sample representative of the target population? | Are the measurements appropriate? | Is the risk of nonresponse bias low? | Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question? | Is there an adequate rationale for using a mixed-methods design to address the research question? | Are the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question? | Are the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted? | Are divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed? | Do the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved? | ||
| Akbar et al. 2018 | Quantitative Descriptive study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||||||||||
| Ali et al. 2021 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Araki 2013 | Qualitative study | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | ||||||||||
| Banks et al. 2016 | Mixed-Method study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | ||||||||||
| Baumann et al. 2021 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Becker 2009 | Quantitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Bender et al. 2015 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Block et al. 2019 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Chamlee-Wright et al. 2011 | Mixed-Method study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Clissold et al. 201 | Qualitative study | No | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Cox & Perry 2011 | Qualitative study | No | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Dionisio & Pawson 2016 | Qualitative study | No | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Easthope & Mort 2014 | Qualitative study | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Harms et al. 2021 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Harvey et al. 2007 | Mixed-Method study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Heinz et al. 2021 | Mixed-Method study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Johnston et al. 2012 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Ku & Dominelli 2018 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Ku & Ma 2015 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Lalani et al. 2021 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Leadbeater 2013 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Linton 2017 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Mann et al. 2018 | Qualitative study | No | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Mohr 2014 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Onstad et al. 2013 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Osofky et al. 2018 | Quantitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | ||||||||||
| Rawson 2016 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Rivera-Munoz et al. 2020 | Qualitative study | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Scott et al. 2017 | Qualitative study | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Siver & Martin 2015 | Mixed-Method study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Stofferahn, C. | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Storr & Haeffele-Balch 2012 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Tamasese et al. 2020 | Qualitative study | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Tudor et al. 2015 | Qualitative study | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| Vallance 2011 | Qualitative study | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
| van Kessel et al. 2015 | Qualitative study | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||