Figure 9.

Schematic illustration of the hypothesis. We isolated the adipose tissue-derive mesenchymal stem cells from the human and scaled up the cell population with blueberry extract. The EVs were isolated and characterized by morphology and concentration via western blotting analysis, TEM (Scale bar indicates 50 nm), and NTA analysis. To investigate the effect of extracellular vesicles in ischemic conditions, we used OGD in cells and MCAo in animals. Finally, we determined that the MSC-derived extracellular vesicles with blueberry extract have therapeutic potential for regulating apoptotic signaling and increasing neuronal cell survival in in vitro and in vivo ischemic strokes. Black arrows indicate the flow of experiment. Red arrow indicates a down-regulated expression of protein. Blue arrows indicates an up-regulated expression of proteins.