Table 3.

Side effect, tolerability, and safety differentiation of (R)-ketamine from (R,S)- and S-ketamine.

Effect	Differentiation	Data 1
Subjective	Little dissociation or psychotomimetic effects with (R)-ketamine	Human, rodent models, EEG
Sedation	Less with (R)-ketamine	Human, rodent models, EEG
Memory and cognition	Improvements with (R)-ketamine	Rodent models
Tolerance and sensitization	Reduced liability	Rodent models
Abuse liability	Reduced liability	Rodent models, human subjective reports

¹ Data are summarized in this Section of the paper.