Table 3.
Cardiovascular effects (II) of the main phytotherapy products.
| Actions | HR ↓ | Inhibitiory Effect | GSH ↑ | cAMP ↑ | cGMP ↑ | Other Effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Products | |||||||
| Green tea | x | CYP 3A | |||||
| Garlic | x | x | x | ||||
| Aloe vera | substrate phosphorylation & phenylephrine-induced phosphorylation | Vasoconstriction ↓ | |||||
| vascular smc proliferation | diuretic | ||||||
| Ginkgo biloba | CYP 3A | ||||||
| tyrosine kinase | |||||||
| PDGF syntesis | |||||||
| Berberine | alpha-glucosidase | diuretic | |||||
| glucose transport | |||||||
| Ginseng | chatecolamines ↓ | ||||||
| normalizing hypotension | |||||||
| Celery (Apium graveolens) | ryanidone receptor | diuretic | |||||
| IP3 pathway | VGKC | ||||||
| myosine light chaine kinase activity ↓ | |||||||
| Nigella sativa | x | diuretic | |||||
| Cinnamomum verum | tyrosine kinase | AGEs ↓ | |||||
| angiogenesis | |||||||
| Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) | upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 | ||||||
| Ginger | |||||||
Abbreviations: HR: heart rate; CYP 3A: cytochrome P 450; family 3; subfamily A; GSH: reduced glutathione; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; IP3: inositol triphosphate; AGEs: advanced glycation end products; smc: smooth muscle cell; VGKC: voltage-gated potassium channels. X-marks the presented action, symbols ↑ and ↓ represent the stimulating or inhibiting effect of the substance on the presented action.