Table 2.
ICU variables, propensity score matched cohort (1 January 2020 to 3 November 2022).
| Model 1 a | Model 2 b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 3806 | n = 576 | |||||
| Variable | No DEX (n = 1903) | DEX (n = 1903) | SMD | No DEX (n = 288) | DEX (n = 288) | SMD |
| PaO2/FiO2 (SD) | -- | -- | 85.5 (57.1) | 84.8 (44.8) | 0.01 | |
| mSOFA score (SD) c | 4.75 (2.37) | 4.78 (2.23) | 0.01 | 8.74 (1.94) | 8.66 (1.75) | 0.04 |
| Sedative use (%) | ||||||
| GABA receptor ligand (%) | 1901 (99.9) | 1878 (98.7) | 0.14 | 288 (100.0) | 278 (96.5) | 0.27 |
| Propofol | 1637 (86.0) | 1696 (89.1) | 0.09 | 223 (77.4) | 232 (80.6) | 0.08 |
| Midazolam | 1483 (77.9) | 1581 (83.1) | 0.13 | 221 (76.7) | 234 (81.2) | 0.11 |
| Lorazepam | 922 (48.4) | 1004 (52.8) | 0.09 | 153 (53.1) | 167 (58.0) | 0.10 |
| Ketamine | 283 (14.9) | 365 (19.2) | 0.11 | 50 (17.4) | 68 (23.6) | 0.16 |
| Opioid use (%) | 1850 (97.2) | 1858 (97.6) | 0.03 | 280 (97.2) | 281 (97.6) | 0.02 |
| Corticosteroid (any) use (%) | 1559 (81.9) | 1567 (82.3) | 0.01 | 231 (80.2) | 217 (75.3) | 0.12 |
| Methylprednisolone | 314 (16.5) | 364 (19.1) | 0.07 | 55 (19.1) | 48 (16.7) | 0.06 |
| Dexamethasone | 1221 (64.2) | 1249 (65.6) | 0.03 | 173 (60.1) | 171 (59.4) | 0.01 |
| Hydrocortisone | 301 (15.8) | 303 (15.9) | 0.00 | 46 (16.0) | 53 (18.4) | 0.06 |
| Prednisone | 157 (8.3) | 199 (10.5) | 0.08 | 33 (11.5) | 38 (13.2) | 0.05 |
| Remdesivir use (%) | 598 (31.4) | 558 (29.3) | 0.05 | 71 (24.7) | 68 (23.6) | 0.02 |
| Antibiotic (any) use (%) | 1733 (91.1) | 1762 (92.6) | 0.06 | 228 (79.2) | 238 (82.6) | 0.09 |
| Anticoagulant (any) use (%) | 1833 (96.3) | 1868 (98.2) | 0.11 | 272 (94.4) | 269 (93.4) | 0.04 |
| Heparin | 1365 (71.7) | 1409 (74.0) | 0.05 | 191 (66.3) | 207 (71.9) | 0.12 |
| LMWH | 1285 (67.5) | 1354 (71.2) | 0.08 | 169 (58.7) | 174 (60.4) | 0.04 |
| Factor Xa inhibitor | 318 (16.7) | 346 (18.2) | 0.04 | 47 (16.3) | 44 (15.3) | 0.03 |
| Direct thrombin inhibitor | 50 (2.6) | 78 (4.1) | 0.08 | <20 * | <20 * | 0.08 |
| Warfarin | 52 (2.7) | 68 (3.6) | 0.05 | <20 * | <20 * | 0.05 |
| Inhaled NO Use (%) | <20 * | <20 * | 0.02 | <20 * | <20 * | <0.01 |
| Vasopressor Use (%) | 1569 (82.4) | 1685 (88.5) | 0.17 | 254 (88.2) | 263 (91.3) | 0.10 |
| Paralytic/NMB (%) | 1503 (79.0) | 1587 (83.4) | 0.11 | 204 (70.8) | 213 (74.0) | 0.07 |
| RRT (%) | 93 (4.9) | 159 (8.4) | 0.14 | 29 (10.1) | 30 (10.4) | 0.01 |
| ECMO (%) | 42 (2.2) | 78 (4.1) | 0.11 | <20 * | <20 * | 0.14 |
Abbreviations: DEX = dexmedetomidine; ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid; LMHW = low molecular weight heparin; mSOFA = modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; NMB = neuromuscular blockade; NO = nitric oxide; PaO2/FiO2 = partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; RRT = renal replacement therapy; SD = standard deviation; SMD = standardized mean difference. a Model 1: Health system sites included that lacked PaO2/FiO2 data. b Model 2: Only health system sites that had PaO2/FiO2 data were included. c mSOFA score in model 1 had the central nervous system and respiratory component removed; mSOFA score in model 2 had the central nervous system component removed. * Values of less than 20 denoted as <20 as specified by the N3C Data Enclave policy.