Table 3.
Concentrations of heavy metals in water samples from various locations collected during different periods: 1st rd (transition from late hot to early rainy season; 16 July–8 August 2022), 2nd rd (mid-rainy season; 29–30 August 2022), and 3rd rd (transition from late rainy to early cool season; September–October 2022).
| Metal (mg/L) |
Sample Collection Point | Community Name | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huai Sai | Nong Tae | Kok Nam Kliang | Nong Bua Noi | Kud Pung Kleua | Don Chang | Pa Lueam | Kok Samran | Don Po Daeng | Nong Makhuea | ||||||||||||
| 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | 2nd rd | 3rd rd | ||
| Al | Inlet | 0.0054 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.1023 | 0.078 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.1502 | ND | ND | 0.0011 | ND | ND | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | 0.0476 | ND | 0.0128 | ND | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | ND | ND | ND | 0.0055 | ND | 0.0062 | ND | 0.0014 | ND | ND | ND | |
| Outlet | 0.0566 | ND | 0.0377 | 0.0238 | ND | ND | 0.0049 | - | 0.0159 | ND | ND | ND | 0.0017 | ND | 0.017 | ND | 0.0075 | ND | ND | ND | |
| Cr <0.05 |
Inlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Outlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Mn <0.3 |
Inlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.5157 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.0364 | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | 0.0045 | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | 0.0151 | 0.0115 | 0.2191 | ND | 0.0141 | 0.0092 | 0.0053 | 0.0111 | 0.0131 | 0.2982 | 1.2345 | 0.9607 | |
| Outlet | 0.0025 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | 0.0072 | 0.0192 | 0.0727 | 0.0146 | 0.0370 | 0.0841 | 0.0113 | 0.0126 | 0.0168 | 0.2973 | 0.3313 | 0.0569 | |
| Fe <0.3 |
Inlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.1259 | ND | 0.0208 | ND | 0.0543 | ND | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Outlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Co | Inlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Outlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Cu <2.0 |
Inlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Outlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| As <0.01 |
Inlet | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.0021 | ND | 0.0023 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.002 | ND | 0.0026 | ND | 0.0027 | ND | 0.0022 | ND | 0.0027 |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | 0.0024 | ND | 0.0026 | - | - | - | - | ND | 0.0022 | ND | 0.0024 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.0026 | |
| Outlet | ND | 0.0022 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.002 | ND | - | ND | 0.002 | ND | 0.0024 | ND | 0.0025 | ND | 0.0021 | ND | 0.0021 | ND | 0.0025 | |
| Cd <0.003 |
Inlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Outlet | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Pb <0.01 |
Inlet | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0064 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0047 | ND | 0.0045 |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | - | - | - | - | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0045 | ND | 0.0045 | ND | 0.0045 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0045 | |
| Outlet | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0046 | ND | - | ND | 0.0046 | ND | 0.0045 | ND | 0.0051 | ND | 0.0045 | ND | 0.0045 | ND | 0.0045 | |
| Hg <0.001 |
Inlet | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 |
| Precipitation Chamber | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | |
| Outlet | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | - | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | ND | <0.001 | |
Nong Buanoi’s water system was under repair, with SCG (Siam Cement Group Co., Ltd.) providing weekly raw water replenishment. Nakhum and Kok Nam Kliang relied on groundwater. ‘Red’ indicates contamination exceeding metal standards, while ‘ND’ signifies non-detection. The dash (-) indicates tests not conducted. Aluminum and Cobalt are not included in water quality standards.