Table 5.
Synergistic, antagonistic or no effect of combined EOs (HPEOs/LPEOs—high-potency essential oils/low-potency essential oils), their MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) and FICI (fractional inhibition concentration index [FIC(EOHP) + FIC(EOLP)]) in growth inhibition of tested Candida species.
| EO Combination HPEOs/LPEOs | Fungal Strain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candida albicans | ||||||||
| MIC * EOHP | MIC * EOHP in Presence of EOLP | MIC * EOLP | MIC * EOLP in Presence of EOHP | FIC of EOHP | FIC of EOLP | FICI | Outcome | |
| ho-sho/fennel | 2 | 0.25 | 32 | 8 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.25 | synergism |
| ho-sho/cardamon | 2 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 0.5 | 2.5 | antagonism | |
| ho-sho/star anise | 2 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect | |
| ginger/fennel | 1 | 0.125 | 32 | 16 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.625 | partial synergism |
| ginger/cardamon | 1 | 0.5 | 32 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | no effect | |
| ginger/star anise | 1 | 0.0625 | 4 | 0.0625 | 0.125 | 0.1875 | synergism | |
| dill/fennel | 4 | 0.5 | 32 | 16 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.625 | partial synergism |
| dill/cardamon | 4 | 4 | 32 | 1 | 1 | 2 | antagonism | |
| dill/star anise | 4 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect | |
| absinth/fennel | 2 | 0.125 | 32 | 8 | 0.0625 | 0.25 | 0.3125 | synergism |
| absinth/cardamon | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0.125 | 1.125 | no effect | |
| absinth/star anise | 2 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | ||
| Candida glabrata | ||||||||
| ho-sho/dill | 8 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 2 | antagonism |
| ho-sho/fennel | 8 | 2 | 64 | 16 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | synergism |
| ho-sho/absinth | 8 | 8 | 32 | 32 | 1 | 1 | 2 | antagonism |
| ginger/dill | 4 | 4 | 16 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| ginger/fennel | 4 | 4 | 64 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect |
| ginger/absinth | 4 | 0.0625 | 32 | 16 | 0.015625 | 0.5 | 0.515625 | synergism |
| Candida tropicalis | ||||||||
| ho-sho/fennel | 4 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | synergism |
| ho-sho/star anise | 4 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect | |
| ginger/fennel | 8 | 8 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | ||
| ginger/star anise | 8 | 1 | 32 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.625 | partial synergism | |
| dill/fennel | 8 | 1 | 32 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.625 | ||
| dill/star anise | 8 | 8 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect | |
| absinth/fennel | 8 | 0.5 | 16 | 0.0625 | 0.25 | 0.3125 | synergism | |
| absinth/star anise | 8 | 8 | 32 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | no effect | |
| Candida parapsilosis | ||||||||
| ho-sho/fennel | 4 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | synergism |
| ho-sho/star anise | 4 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect | |
| ginger/fennel | 4 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | ||
| ginger/star anise | 4 | 1 | 32 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 | partial synergism | |
| dill/fennel | 4 | 0.5 | 32 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.625 | ||
| dill/star anise | 4 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 1.25 | no effect | |
| absinth/fennel | 4 | 1 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.375 | synergism | |
| absinth/star anise | 4 | 4 | 32 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | no effect | |
Note: * results of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for EOHP and EOLP are expressed as µL/mL, Synergism in the Table 5 is marked in bold.