Table 3.

Example formulas that can be used to calculate the SS.

	Name	Formula for Sample Size	Example of Use
1	Formula for Proportions (Binomial)	$\mathbf{n}=\frac{{\mathbf{Z}}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{(}\mathbf{1}-\mathbf{p}\mathbf{)}}{{\mathbf{E}}^{\mathbf{2}}}$	The formula for proportions (binomial), can be used to study the effectiveness of treatments or medical interventions, to study the incidence or prevalence of diseases and to study the efficacy of a drug, etc.
2	Formula for Mean (Homogeneity)	$\mathbf{n}=\frac{{\mathbf{Z}}^{\mathbf{2}}{\mathsf{\sigma }}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{E}}^{\mathbf{2}}}$	The mean (homogeneity) formula can be used in studies that measure health parameters (hormone levels, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, etc.), the effectiveness of diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, and studies that focus on average treatment outcomes.

n—sample size; Z—confidence level; p—estimated population proportion; E—margin of error; ${\sigma }^2$—value is the population variance; Based on publications [16,197,198,199,200].