Table 2.
Summary of selected articles (modern subperiosteal implants).
| Authors/Year of Publication | Title | No. of Implants | Implant Material | Imaging | Design and Manufacturing | Surgical Technique | Follow-Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kusek, 2009 [44] |
The use of laser technology (Er;Cr:YSGG) and stereolithography to aid in the placement of a subperiosteal implant: case study | 1 | Custom-fabricated titanium framework. | CT and 3D modeling | CAD/CAM and additive manufacturing technology for fabricating the titanium implant. | Single-staged surgical technique. | Article does not provide specific details about post-surgery follow-up information. |
| Mounir, 2017 [42] |
Titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) patient-specific subperiosteal implants: two novel approaches for rehabilitation of the severely atrophic anterior maxillary ridge | 10 | Titanium (Grade 23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI), PEEK. | CT, CBCT | CAD/CAM, electron beam melting (EBM). | Single-staged surgical technique. | Monthly follow-up for 12 months; postoperative instructions, including medication and oral hygiene. |
| Cerea and Dolcini, 2018 [45] |
Custom-made direct metal laser sintering titanium subperiosteal implants: A retrospective clinical study on 70 patients | 70 | Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) titanium. | Preoperative CBCT scan and digital planning | Custom-made using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). | Single-staged surgical technique. | Two-year follow-up, 95.8% survival rate, and low complication rates. |
| Mangano, 2020 [37] |
Custom-made 3D-printed subperiosteal titanium implants for the prosthetic restoration of the atrophic posterior mandible of elderly patients: a case series | 10 | 3D-printed subperiosteal titanium. | Preoperative CBCT scan and digital planning | Custom-made using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). | Single-staged surgical technique. | One-year follow-up, 100% survival rate, minor complications in 30% of patients (3 out of 10). |
| Nemtoi, 2022 [40] |
Custom-made direct metal laser sintering titanium subperiosteal implants in oral and maxillofacial surgery for severe bone-deficient patients—A pilot study | 16 | Titanium (DMLS, Ti6Al4V). | Orthopantomography (OPT), CBCT | CAD/CAM, selective laser melting (SLM). | Single-staged surgical technique. | Monthly follow-up for six months; evaluation of fit, stability, and complications. The study reported a high implant survival rate of 93.75% over the six-month follow-up period. |
| Vatteroni, 2023 [4] |
The new generation of subperiosteal implants for patient-specific treatment of atrophic dental arches: A literature review and two case reports | 2 | Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) titanium. | Preoperative CBCT scan and digital planning | Custom-made using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). | Single-staged surgical technique. | Panoramic radiograph 1 year after surgery shows good osseointegration. |
| Arshad, 2023 [33] |
Additively custom-made 3D-printed subperiosteal implants for the rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla (a case report) | 1 | Titanium alloy (Grade 23 Ti6Al4V-ELI). | CBCT | CAD/CAM, additive manufacturing (3D printing) using titanium alloy. | Single-staged surgical technique. | Follow-up for 3 years; minor dehiscence in two areas but no progression; no implant fractures. |
| Onică, 2024 [36] |
Long-term clinical outcomes of 3D-printed subperiosteal titanium implants: A 6-year follow-up | 61 | Titanium alloy (DMLS, PowderRange Ti64). | CBCT (Green X, Vatech) | CAD/CAM, DMLS system. | Single-staged surgical technique. | Follow-up for 6 years; 9 of 36 cases were successful; 27 cases had complications, including early/delayed frame exposure, mobility, infections. |