Table 2.
Alteration measurement after 6 h. Table 2 shows the mean values ± SEM of the alterations of respiratory and hemodynamic parameters within the groups after 6 h to baseline (H6-H0). Ventilator settings equal for all groups during experimental phase: Vt 8 (mL/kg body weight), PEEP 10 (cmH2O), FiO2 0.4, I:E 1:2.
| Group A (Mean Value ± SEM) | Group B (Mean Value ± SEM) | Group C (Mean Value ± SEM) |
ANOVA (p-Value) |
Post hoc A vs. B (p-Value) |
Post hoc A vs. C (p-Value) |
Post hoc B vs. C (p-Value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔIAP (mmHg) | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 18.3 ± 0.6 | 8.1 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ΔEELV/kg (mL/kg) | −3.6 ± 0.7 | −6.1 ± 1.3 | −11.0 ± 2.5 | 0.022 | 0.939 | 0.022 | 0.171 |
| ΔPpeak (cmH2O) | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 17.7 ± 0.8 | 18.0 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 1 |
| ΔPmean (cmH2O) | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 0.018 | 0.029 | 0.053 | 1 |
| ΔDriving pres. (cmH2O) | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 12.5 ± 0.9 | 13.2 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 1 |
| ΔPEsinsp (cmH2O) | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 14.7 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 1 | 0.005 |
| ΔPEsexp (cmH2O) | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 0.694 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| ΔTPPinsp (cmH2O) | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 10.2 ± 2.6 | 0.005 | 1 | 0.006 | 0.031 |
| ΔTPPexp (cmH2O) | −0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.3 ± 1.0 | −1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.55 | 1 | 1 | 0.849 |
| ΔTPP (stress) (cmH2O) | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 11.3 ± 2.1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ΔStrain (mL/mL) | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.55 ± 0.31 | 0.115 | 1 | 0.198 | 0.232 |
| ΔCRS stat (mL/cmH2O) | −9.7 ± 2.7 | −21.7 ± 2.8 | −19.5 ± 3.4 | 0.027 | 0.036 | 0.1 | 1 |
| ΔERS stat (cmH2O/mL) | 8.5 ± 1.6 | 41.7 ± 3.1 | 34.3 ± 6.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.714 |
| ΔEL stat (cmH2O/mL) | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 8.9 ± 1.9 | 29.9 ± 5.9 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| ΔECW stat (cmH2O/mL) | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 32.8 ± 3.2 | 4.4 ± 1.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ΔMech. power (J/min) | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 0.153 | <0.001 | 0.036 |
| ΔP/F ratio (mmHg) | −29 ± 16 | 51 ± 18 | −213 ± 67 | 0.001 | 0.563 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| ΔpaCO2 (mmHg) | −2.5 ± 2.3 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | −1.1 ± 2.3 | 0.297 | 0.405 | 1 | 0.854 |
| ΔHeart rate (bpm) | −14 ± 5 | 11 ± 11 | 18 ± 12 | 0.085 | 0.272 | 0.111 | 1 |
| ΔMAP (mmHg) | 4.2 ± 5.2 | 18.5 ± 3.4 | 10.2 ± 5.1 | 0.12 | 0.131 | 1 | 0.66 |
| ΔLactate (mmol/L) | −3.2 ± 1.1 | −0.6 ± 0.2 | −0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.011 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 1 |
| ΔHeart index (L/min/m2) | −0.9 ± 0.3 | −0.3 ± 0.4 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.319 | 0.816 | 0.458 | 1 |
| ΔGEDI (mL/m2) | −22 ± 19 | −55 ± 24 | 39 ± 32 | 0.059 | 1 | 0.343 | 0.062 |
| ΔELWI (mL/kg) | 0.0 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.38 | 1 | 0.555 | 0.985 |
| Total crystalloids (L) | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 0.391 | 0.549 | 1 | 1 |
Δ: delta from baseline to hour 6, bpm: beats per minute, cmH2O: centimeter of water column, CRS stat: static compliance of the respiratory system, driving pres.: driving pressure, ECW stat: static elastance of the chest wall, ELWI: extravascular lung water, EL stat: static elastance of the lung, ERS stat: static elastance of the respiratory system, EELV: end-expiratory lung volume, FiO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction, GEDI: global end-diastolic volume index, I:E: ratio from inspiratory to expiratory time, IAP: intra-abdominal pressure, J/min; joule per minute, kg: kilogram, L: liter, L/min/m2: liter per minute per square meter, MAP: middle arterial pressure, mech. power: mechanical power, mL: milliliter, mmHg: millimeter mercury, mmol/L: millimole per liter, P/F ratio: ratio between arterial pressure of oxygen and inspired oxygen concentration, paCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PEsexp: esophagus pressure at expiration, PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure, PEsinsp: esophagus pressure at inspiration, Pmean: mean airway pressure, Ppeak: peak airway pressure, SEM: standard error of the mean, TPP: transpulmonary pressure, TPPexp: transpulmonary pressure at expiration, TPPinsp: transpulmonary pressure at inspiration, Vt: tidal volume.