Figure 4.

Immunomodulatory capacities of wild-type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and L. rhamnosus Δmbf CRL1505 strain on the respiratory innate antiviral immune response triggered by TLR3 activation. Balb/c mice (6-week-old) were nasally treated with the wild-type L. rhamnosus CRL1505 or L. rhamnosus Δmbf CRL1505 (10⁸ cells/mouse) for three consecutive days prior to the nasal administration of TLR3 agonist poly(I:C). Untreated mice challenged with poly(I:C) were used as controls. The numbers of lung CD3⁺CD4⁺IFNγ⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺IL-10⁺, CD11c⁺CD11b^highMHC-II⁺, and CD11c⁺CD103⁺MHC-II⁺ were determined 2 days after the poly(I:C) stimulation. Data from three independent experiments are shown. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).