Table 1.
Comparison of demographic characteristics of included patients.
| Characteristics | Total Patients | Survival | Mortality | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient number | 15,164 (100%) | 15,019 (99%) | 145 (1%) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||
| Age < 65 years old | 8890 (58.6%) | 8837 (58.8%) | 53 (36.6%) | |
| Age ≥ 65 years old | 6272 (41.4%) | 6180 (41.2%) | 92 (63.4%) | |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 7520 (49.6%) | 7479 (49.8%) | 41 (28.3%) | |
| Male | 7644 (50.4%) | 7540 (50.2%) | 104 (71.7%) | |
| Vital sign | ||||
| SBP | 142 (124–161) | 142 (124–161) | 146 (109.5–174) | 0.864 |
| DBP | 83 (73–94) | 83 (73–94) | 84 (66–99) | 0.332 |
| RR | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–20) | 0.094 |
| HR | 84 (73–96) | 84 (73–96) | 89 (74–101) | 0.023 |
| Triage | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 667 (4.4%) | 595 (4.0%) | 72 (49.7%) | |
| 2 | 5908 (39.0%) | 5866 (39.1%) | 42 (29.0%) | |
| 3 | 8444 (55.8%) | 8413 (56.1%) | 31 (21.4%) | |
| 4 and 5 | 125 (0.8%) | 125 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Injury severity | ||||
| RTS | 7.84 (7.84–7.84) | 7.84 (7.84–7.84) | 6.90 (5.00–7.84) | <0.001 |
| RTS < 7 | 668 (4.4%) | 594 (4.0%) | 74 (51.4%) | <0.001 |
| ISS | 9 (4–9) | 9 (4–9) | 25 (9–29) | <0.001 |
| ISS ≥ 16 | 1125 (7.4%) | 1027 (6.8%) | 98 (67.6%) | <0.001 |
| Trauma team activation | 495 (3.3%) | 444 (3.0%) | 51 (35.2%) | <0.001 |
| Time for surgery | 444 (248–848) | 446 (251–850) | 240 (116.5–473) | <0.001 |
| Traumatic brain injury | <0.001 | |||
| Non-TBI | 14,151 (93.3%) | 14,091 (93.8%) | 60 (41.4%) | |
| TBI | 1013 (6.7%) | 928 (6.2%) | 85 (58.6%) | |
| Injury type | 0.080 | |||
| Penetrating injury | 807 (5.3%) | 804 (5.4%) | 3 (2.1%) | |
| Non-penetrating injury | 14,357 (94.7%) | 14,215 (94.6%) | 142 (97.9%) | |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.002 | |||
| Traffic road injury | 5112 (37.7%) | 5045 (37.6%) | 67 (51.5%) | |
| High fall | 1370 (10.1%) | 1353 (10.1%) | 17 (13.1%) | |
| Low fall | 5403 (39.9%) | 5362 (39.9%) | 41 (31.5%) | |
| Others | 3279 (21.6%) | 3259 (21.7%) | 20 (13.8%) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| CNS diseases | 672 (4.4%) | 66 (4.4%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.863 |
| CVD | 3965 (26.1%) | 3925 (26.1%) | 40 (27.6%) | 0.692 |
| CKD | 351 (2.3%) | 339 (2.3%) | 12 (8.3%) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1676 (11.1%) | 1653 (11.0%) | 23 (15.9%) | 0.250 |
| Hospitalization | ||||
| Total LOS days | 7 (4–10) | 7 (4–10) | 10 (4–22.5) | <0.001 |
| Total LOS ≥ 30 days | 687 (4.5%) | 661 (4.4%) | 26 (17.9%) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 1818 (12.0%) | 1695 (11.3%) | 123 (84.8%) | 0.040 |
| ICU LOS, days | 5 (3–11) | 5 (3–11) | 6 (3–19) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS ≥ 14 days | 369 (22.0%) | 328 (21.1%) | 41 (33.3%) | 0.002 |
| In-hospital mortality | 145 | --- | 145 | ---- |
| Death within 24 h | 10 (6.9%) | ---- | 10 (6.9%) | ---- |
Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RR, respiratory rate; HR, heart rate; CNS diseases, central nervous system diseases; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ISS, injury severity score; RTS, revised trauma score; TBI, traumatic brain injury; LOS, length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit. The continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR).