Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 18;60(6):1000. doi: 10.3390/medicina60061000

Table 3.

Post-injury application.

References Sample Duration Intervention
Volume
VR
Technology
Aims Variables Findings
Nambi et al. [60], 2020 45 males; aged between 18–25 4 weeks 5 sessions of 30 min per week ProKin system PK 252 Comparing the effect of VR training, isokinetic and conventional training on clinical (pain, wellness) and athletic performance (sprinting, jumping) of university football players with chronic low back pain Pain intensity; Sprint performance; Jump performance, countermovement jump, squat jump The VR group had significantly higher improvements in pain intensity, player wellness, and sprint performance than the other two groups
Nambi et al. [57], 2022 60 males; aged between 18–25 4 weeks 5 sessions of 30 min per week for 4 weeks ProKin system PK 252 Comparing the effects of VR, conventional programs and isokinetic programs on imaging findings and inflammatory biomarkers in football players with chronic non-specific low back pain Pain Intensity; Cross-sectional area (CSA); Muscle thickness; Inflammatory biomarkers A significant improvement in the pain intensity and biomarker measurements for the VRE group was observed; Isokinetic group showed a greater number of significant changes in muscle CSA and muscle thickness
Nambi et al. [61], 2021 60 males; aged between 18–25 6 months 5 sessions of 30 min per week for 4 weeks ProKin system PK 252 Determining and comparing the effects of VR and core stabilization training on physical efficiency in football players with chronic low back pain Sprint Performance; Jump Performance; Quality of life; Pain VR reduced the pain status by changing the inflammatory mechanism compared to the core stabilization and control groups
Nambi et al. [62], 2021 54 males; aged between 18–25 6 months 5 sessions of 30 min per week for 4 weeks ProKin system PK 252 Determining the short-term psychological and hormonal effects of VR training on chronic low back pain Psychological variables (pain intensity and kinesiophobia): Hormonal variables (glucose, insulin, growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, and cortisol) VR group showed more significant changes in pain intensity and kinesiophobia than the combined physical rehabilitation and control groups at T1 and T2
Sullivan et al. [72], 2024 33 Children; aged between 9–12 (20 male, 13 female) single session 10 min per session ProKin system PK 252 Developing a VR concussion education app RoCKAS-ST; Attitudes toward concussion: reporting: 8 questions using a 5-point scale No statistically significant improvements in attitudes toward reporting and reporting intentions following the VR session were observed

Abbreviations: VR = Virtual Reality; ACHT = Adrenocorticotropic hormone; RoCKAS-ST = Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-students.