Table 3.
References | Sample | Duration | Intervention Volume |
VR Technology |
Aims | Variables | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nambi et al. [60], 2020 | 45 males; aged between 18–25 | 4 weeks | 5 sessions of 30 min per week | ProKin system PK 252 | Comparing the effect of VR training, isokinetic and conventional training on clinical (pain, wellness) and athletic performance (sprinting, jumping) of university football players with chronic low back pain | Pain intensity; Sprint performance; Jump performance, countermovement jump, squat jump | The VR group had significantly higher improvements in pain intensity, player wellness, and sprint performance than the other two groups |
Nambi et al. [57], 2022 | 60 males; aged between 18–25 | 4 weeks | 5 sessions of 30 min per week for 4 weeks | ProKin system PK 252 | Comparing the effects of VR, conventional programs and isokinetic programs on imaging findings and inflammatory biomarkers in football players with chronic non-specific low back pain | Pain Intensity; Cross-sectional area (CSA); Muscle thickness; Inflammatory biomarkers | A significant improvement in the pain intensity and biomarker measurements for the VRE group was observed; Isokinetic group showed a greater number of significant changes in muscle CSA and muscle thickness |
Nambi et al. [61], 2021 | 60 males; aged between 18–25 | 6 months | 5 sessions of 30 min per week for 4 weeks | ProKin system PK 252 | Determining and comparing the effects of VR and core stabilization training on physical efficiency in football players with chronic low back pain | Sprint Performance; Jump Performance; Quality of life; Pain | VR reduced the pain status by changing the inflammatory mechanism compared to the core stabilization and control groups |
Nambi et al. [62], 2021 | 54 males; aged between 18–25 | 6 months | 5 sessions of 30 min per week for 4 weeks | ProKin system PK 252 | Determining the short-term psychological and hormonal effects of VR training on chronic low back pain | Psychological variables (pain intensity and kinesiophobia): Hormonal variables (glucose, insulin, growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, and cortisol) | VR group showed more significant changes in pain intensity and kinesiophobia than the combined physical rehabilitation and control groups at T1 and T2 |
Sullivan et al. [72], 2024 | 33 Children; aged between 9–12 (20 male, 13 female) | single session | 10 min per session | ProKin system PK 252 | Developing a VR concussion education app | RoCKAS-ST; Attitudes toward concussion: reporting: 8 questions using a 5-point scale | No statistically significant improvements in attitudes toward reporting and reporting intentions following the VR session were observed |
Abbreviations: VR = Virtual Reality; ACHT = Adrenocorticotropic hormone; RoCKAS-ST = Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-students.