Table 1.
Clinical Trials Investigating NMN Supplementation.
| Group Treated | NMN Dose | Duration | Sample Type | NAD+ Metabolome Levels | Functional Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Middle-Aged Japanese Men (40–60) | Placebo n = 13 |
8 Weeks | PMBCs (pmol/mg) HPLC |
NAD: 26.83 | ↑ NAD+ in PBMCs Modest ↓ postprandial hyperinsulinemia |
[95] |
| 250 mg daily | NAD: 41.43 | |||||
| Healthy Adults (40–59) |
Placebo 2× Daily n = 18 |
12 Weeks | Blood Serum (ng/mL) HPLC Tandem MS |
NAM: 10.9 ± 4.8 NMN: <2 NAD: <5 |
↑ NAM in PBMCs ↓ CVD risk |
[89] |
| 125 mg NMN 2× Daily n = 18 |
NAM: 16.5 ± 6.3 NMN: <2 NAD: <5 |
|||||
| Overweight Adults (45+) |
Placebo 2× Daily n = 9 |
28 Days | Whole Blood (ng/mL) HPLC Tandem MS |
NAM: 21.2 ± 7.77 NMN: 0.6 ± 0.08 NAD: 17.8 ± 2.77 1-MeNAM: 18.7 ± 7.42 2-PY: 394.7 ± 248 |
↑ Circulating NAD+ ↓ Weight, Cholesterol, BP |
[93] |
| 1 g NMN 2× Daily n = 21 |
NAM: 19.7 ± 9.73 NMN: 0.7 ± 0.11 NAD: 19.4 ± 2.62 1-MeNAM: 17.9 ± 7.2 2-PY: 357.8 ± 151 |
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| Patients Diagnosed with Mild Essential Hypertension (18–80) |
LM Group n = 10 |
6 Weeks | PMBCs (pmol/mg) HPLC-MS |
NMN: ~4.5 NAD: ~15 |
↑ NAD+ PBMCs (43%) ↑ ATP |
[94] |
| 800 mg NMN + LM n = 9 |
NMN: ~6 NAD: ~20 |
|||||
| Healthy Adults (20–80) |
Placebo n = 25 |
30 Days | Whole Blood (µM) Custom BRET NAD Sensor Assay and HPLC-MS |
NAD: 23.8 ± 5.5 | ↑ Blood NAD+ Dose-dependent ↑ 2/4-PY (esp. 1000 mg NMN) |
[92] |
| 500 mg NMN Daily n = 25 |
NAD: 41.7 ± 13.0 | |||||
| 1000 mg NMN Daily n = 25 |
NAD: 58.8 ± 21.1 | |||||
| Healthy Adults (20–80) |
Placebo + Exercise n = 21 |
30 Days | Whole Blood (µM) Custom BRET NAD Sensor Assay and HPLC-MS |
NAD: 33.18 ± 7.2 | Exercise & NMN: ↑ NAD+ PBMCs (similar to 1000 mg NMN) | [92] |
| 500 mg NMN + Exercise n = 21 |
NAD: 55.48 ± 21.4 | |||||
| Healthy Adults (20–65) |
250 mg NMN Daily n = 11 |
12 Weeks | Blood Plasma (µM) HPLC-MS |
NMN Month 1: ~0.15 Month 4: ~0.5 NAD Month 1: ~0.055 Month 4: ~0.01 |
↑ NMN & NAD in plasma Transient ↑ insulin (2 mo) NMN ↑ (3 mo) NAD peak (1 mo) |
[91] |
| Males with Diabetes and Reduced Grip Strength of Walking Speed (65+) |
Placebo n = 8 |
24 Weeks | - | Not Measured | NMN: ↓ Frailty | [98] |
| 250 mg NMN Daily n = 8 | ||||||
| Healthy Adults (20–65) |
Placebo n = 15 |
4 Weeks | - | Not Measured | Safe & Well-Tolerated | [69] |
| 1250 mg NMN Daily n = 16 | ||||||
| Healthy Adults (40–65) BMI (18.5–35 kg/m2) |
Placebo n = 31 |
60 Days | Serum NAD/NADH (pmol/mL) Colorimetric Quantitation Kit |
NAD: 8.14 ± 4.86 | ↑ Serum NAD (11.3%) ↓ HOMA-IR ↑ Walking Endurance Improved Well-being |
[90] |
| 300 mg NMN Daily n = 31 |
NAD: 9.07 ± 5.65 | |||||
| Healthy Men (65+) |
Placebo n = 21 |
12 Weeks | Whole Blood (µM) LC-Tandem MS |
NAM: 10.6 ± 1.6 NMN: 0.105 ± 0.013 NAD: 0.53 ± 0.12 NAMN: 0.05 ± 0.03 NR: 0.0308 ± 0.0088 NA: 0.00684 ± 0.00168 |
↑ NMN, NAD+, NR, NAMN Improved Gait, Walk, Grip (nominal) | [66] |
| 250 mg NMN Daily n = 21 |
NAM: 13.4 ± 2.4 NMN: 0.127 ± 0.019 NAD: 1.07 ± 0.16 NAMN: 3.51 ± 1.86 NR: 0.0549 ± 0.0241 NA: 0.00974 ± 0.00129 |
|||||
| Adults (65+) |
Placebo-AM n = 27 |
12 Weeks | - | Not Measured | Afternoon NMN: ↑ Limb Function ↓ Drowsiness (Older Adults) |
[97] |
| Placebo-PM n = 27 | ||||||
| 250 mg NMN-AM n = 27 | ||||||
| 250 mg NMN-PM n = 27 | ||||||
| Healthy Individuals (20–70) |
Intravenous administration 300 mg NMN in saline (3 mg/mL) Daily n = 10 |
5 h | Whole Blood NAD/NADH Assay Kit |
1.2-fold increase in Total NAD |
IV NMN: Safe, ↑ Blood NAD+ ↓ Triglycerides | [58] |
| Post-Menopausal Women (50–80) |
300 mg NMN Daily n = 16 |
8 Weeks | Whole Blood (ng/mL) HPLC-MS |
NAM: 164.7 ± 20 NMN: 1.28 ± 0.2 NAD: 13.7 ± 2 |
NAM ↑; NAD ↓; NMN ↔ |
[100] |
| Healthy Adults (22–64) |
Placebo n = 15 |
12 Weeks | Whole Blood (µM) HPLC-MS |
NAM: 19 ± 3 NMN: 0.055 ± 0.01 NAD: 22 ± 2 NAMN (8 Wks): 0 NR: 0.04 ± 0.025 NA: 0.25 ± 0.06 |
Blood NAD+ ↑, NAMN ↑, (NMN, NA, NAR, NAAD, MNAM) ↔ | [56] |
| 125 mg NMN 2× Daily n = 15 |
NAM: 17 ± 8 NMN: 0.054 ± 0.016 NAD: 45 ± 20 NAMN: 2.0 ± 1.5 NR: 0.045 ± 0.005 NA: 0.26 ± 0.04 |
|||||
| Overweight Adults (55–80) |
Placebo 2× Daily n = 8 |
14 Days | Whole Blood (ng or µg/mL) HPLC Tandem-MS |
NMN: 0.0326 (µg) NAD: 1.36 (µg) NAM: 10.2 1-MeNAM: 7.57 2-PY: 103 NR: 0.406 |
↑ Blood NAD Metabolites ↓ Body Weight, Systolic BP, ↓ Diastolic BP |
[110] |
| 1000 mg NMN 1× Daily n = 12 |
NMN: 0.0882 (µg) NAD: 23.0 (µg) NAM: 65.2 1-MeNAM: 146 2-PY: 2150 NR: 1.30 |
|||||
| 1000 mg NMN 2× Daily n = 12 |
NMN: 0.148 (µg) NAD: 40.4 (µg) NAM: 140 1-MeNAM: 276 2-PY: 4230 NR: 1.48 |
|||||
| Healthy Adults (37–50) |
Placebo n = 20 |
60 Days | Blood Serum (nM) Colorimetric Quantitation Kit |
Day 0: 8.11 ± 5.16 Day 30: 9.83 ± 8.43 Day 60: 11.8 ± 9.4 |
Blood NAD: ↑ (all NMN groups, days 30 & 60) | [88] |
| 300 mg NMN n = 20 |
Day 0: 11.8 ± 11.7 Day 30: 29.8 ± 20.1 Day 60: 32.6 ±17.9 |
|||||
| 600 mg NMN n = 20 |
Day 0: 7.95 ± 3.29 Day 30: 39.0 ±12.6 Day 60: 45.3 ±11.8 |
|||||
| 900 mg NMN n = 20 |
Day 0: 10.5 ± 6.8 Day 30: 43.1 ± 14.3 Day 60: 48.5 ±19.8 |
|||||
| Young and Middle-Aged Recreational Runners |
Placebo n = 12 |
6 Weeks | - | Not Measured | Exercise Capacity ↑ (likely ↑ O2 utilization in skeletal muscle) |
[99] |
| 300 mg NMN n = 12 | ||||||
| 600 mg NMN n = 12 | ||||||
| 1200 mg NMN n = 12 | ||||||
| Overweight Post-Menopausal Women BMI (25.3–39.1 kg/m2) |
Placebo n = 12 |
10 Weeks | PMBCs (pmol/mg) | NAD: ~25 | ↑ 2-PY & 4-PY; ↑ PBMC NAD+ (43% vs placebo); ↑ Muscle NAD+ turnover & ↑ Muscle Insulin Sensitivity (25%) | [55] |
| 250 mg NMN n = 13 |
NAD: ~40 | |||||
| Healthy Men (40–60) |
100 mg NMN n = 10 |
12 Weeks | Blood Plasma (nM) HPLC Tandem MS |
2-PY: ~2000 4-PY: ~350 1-MeNAM: ~225 |
↑ Bilirubin (51.3%) ↓ Glucose (11.7%), Creatinine (5.1%), Chloride (2.3%) |
[57] |
| 250 mg NMN n = 10 |
2-PY: ~2500 4-PY: ~400 1-MeNAM: ~250 |
|||||
| 500 mg NMN n = 10 |
2-PY: ~4000 4-PY: ~750 1-MeNAM: ~300 |