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. 2024 Jun 18;16(12):1923. doi: 10.3390/nu16121923

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Oral administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 alters the composition of gut microbiota in influenza-infected mice. (A) Boxplots of the Chao1 and Shannon indexes of alpha diversity index among the three groups. (B) PCoA plots based on weighted_unifrac metrics or unweighted_unifrac metrics. (C) The LEfSe taxonomic cladogram. (D) LDA score plot with a threshold of 4.0. (E–G) The top 5 most abundant microbial phyla, as well as the top 10 most abundant bacterial families and genera, are displayed among the 3 groups via stacked bar plots, respectively. (H–J) Bar graphs display the relative abundances of differential bacterial taxa at the phylum, family, and genus levels, respectively. Error bars represent Min to Max (A) or means ± SD (H–J). Groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test (A: Shannon) or ordinary one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey’s test (H–J) based on the normality of data assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p  <  0.0001, and ns, not significant.