Table 1.
Prevalence of HPV DNA detection in breast cancer samples according to different studies.
| Study | Positive Cases/Total Cases (%) | Genotypes Detected (Detected/Cases) | Technique Used |
|---|---|---|---|
| Haghighi, 2023 [21] | 23/90 (25%) | HPV16 (10/23), HPV18 (9/23), HPV33 (2/23). | RT-PCR on CPT |
| Maroga, 2023 [22] | 78/101 (77%) | HPV16 (37/101) HPV70 (36/101), HPV51 (22/101), HPV35 (16/101), HPV82 (16/101), HPV18 (5/101). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Alinezhadi, 2022 [23] | 8/63 (13%) | HPV33 (3/8), HPV16 (2/8), HPV11 (1/8). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Calderon, 2022 [24] | 13/447 (3%) | HPV16 (11/13), HPV18 (2/13). | PCR on CPT (controls) and FFPE sections (cases) |
| Gupta, 2022 [25] | 48/74 (65%) | // | PCR on FFPE TMA |
| Mamani-Zapana, 2022 [26] | 27/32 (84%) | HPV18 (19/27), HPV16 (8/27). | RT-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Oliveira, 2022 [27] | 0/54 (0%) | // | Nested-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Charostad, 2021 [28] | 12/36 (33%) | HPV16 (8/12), HPV18 (2/12), HPV31 (1/12), HPV6 (1/12). | PCR on CPT |
| Elagali, 2021 [29] | 13/150 (9%) | HPV16 (5/13), HPV58 (4/13), HPV18 (3/13), HPV11 (1/13). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Golrokh Mofrad, 2021 [30] | 7/59 (12%) | HPV18 (5/7), HPV6 (2/7). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Gupta, 2021 [31] | 37/70 (53%) | HPV52 (18%), HPV45 (11%), HPV31 (4%), HPV58 (4%), HPV68 (1%). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Guo, 2021 [32] | 58/180 (32%) | HPV16/18 (39/58), HPV6/11 (19/58). | CISH on FFPE sections |
| Sher, 2020 [33] | 5/50 (10%) | HPV16 (3/5), HPV35 (3/5), HPV58 (1/5). | PCR on fresh breast tissue |
| Tawfeik, 2020 [34] | 4/20 (20%) | HPV16 (3/4), HPV18 (1/4). | RT-PCR on CPT |
| Balci, 2019 [35] | 8/18 (44%) | HPV11 (8/8), HPV39 (2/8), HPV6 (1/8), HPV82 (1/8) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Baltzell, 2018 [36] | 2/61 (3%) by IS-PCR 4/61 (7%) by ISH |
HPV16 | IS-PCR and ISH on FFPE sections |
| Cavalcante, 2018 [37] | 51/103 (50%) | HPVX (40/51), HPV6/11 (7/51), HPV18 (2/51), HPV33 (2/51) | Nested-PCR on FFPE samples |
| Ghaffari, 2018 [38] | 4/72 (6%) | // | Nested-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Habyarimana, 2018 [39] | 22/47 (47%) | HPV16 (77%), HPV33(14%), HPV31 (9%) | Nested-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Kouloura, 2018 [40] | 0/201 (0%) | // | E1-based PCR on TMA |
| Malekpour Afshar, 2018 [41] | 8/98 (8%) | HPV16 (5/8), HPV18 (5/8), HPV31 (3/8), HPV33 (3/8) | rtPCR on FFPE |
| Bakhtiyrizadeh, 2017 [42] | 0/150 (0%) | // | PCR on FFPE |
| Delgado-García, 2017 [43] | 130/251 (52%) | // | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Islam, 2017 [44] | 174/272 (64%) | HPV16 (120/174), HPV18 (61/174) and HPV33 (5/174). | PCR and IHC on fresh tissue |
| Naushad, 2017 [45] | 45/250 (18%) | PCR on FFPE sections | |
| Salman, 2017 [46] | 35/74 (47%) | HPV39 (13/35), HPV18 (8/35), HPV45 (8/35), HPV16 (7/35), HPV35 (7/35), HPV59 (7/35). | type-specific PCR on fresh tissue |
| Wang, 2017 [47] | 14/81 (17%) | // | hybrid capture 2 on fresh tissue |
| Wang, 2017 [48] | 14/50 (28%) | HPV16 (14/14) | qRT-PCR on FFPE |
| Doosti, 2016 [49] | 20/87 (23%) | HPV6 (9/20), HPV16 (7/20), HPV18 (3/20), HPV11 (1/20). | Nested-PCR on FFPE |
| Ilahi, 2016 [50] | 8/46 (17%) | HPV16 (8/8) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Yan, 2016 [51] | 23/76 (30%) | HPV18 (23/23) | Dual-PCR |
| Wang, 2016 [52] | 52/146 (36%) | ISH on FFPE sections | |
| Li, 2015 [53] | 3/187 (2%) | HPV6 (1/3), HPV18 (1/3), HPV16 (1/3). | PCR on FFPE |
| Fimereli, 2015 [54] | 2/58 (3%) with PCR 0/58 (0%) with transcriptome |
HPV16 (1/2), HPV-HR (1/2) | RNA sequencing, exome sequencing PCR and IHC on CPT and FFPE sections |
| Fu, 2015 [55] | 25/169 (15%) with PCR 17/169 (10%) with ISH |
HPV58 (25/25) | PCR and ISH on FFPE |
| Gannon, 2015 [56] | 13/80 (16%) | Nested-PCR on CPT and RNA sequencing | |
| Salehpour, 2015 [57] | 54/206 (26%) | HPV11 (19/54), HPV6 (5/54), HPVX (48/54). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Vernet-Tomas, 2015 [58] | 0/76 (0%) | // | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Ahangar-Oskouee, 2014 [59] | 22/65 (34%) | HPV6 (17/22), HPV11 (1/22), HPV16 (1/22), HPV35 (1/22), HPV52 (1/22). | Nested-PCR on FFPE |
| Ali, 2014 [60] | 60/129 (47%) | HPV31 (39/129), HPV18 (35/129), HPV16 (33/129), HPV33 (16/129). | ISH on FFPE sections |
| Corbex, 2014 [61] | 15/123 (12%) | HPV16 (8/15), HPV31 (3/15), HPV22 (2/15). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Manzouri, 2014 [62] | 10/55 (18%) | HPV12 (2/10), HPV11 (2/10), HPV8 (1/10), HPV33 (1/10), HPV35 (1/10), HPV45 (1/10), HPV55 (1/10). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Peng, 2014 [63] | 2/100 (2%) | HPV18 (2/2) | Multiplex PCR detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry on CPT |
| Piana, 2014 [64] | 6/80 (8%) | HPV16 (28.6%), HPV31 (14.3%), HPV45 (14.3%), HPV52 (14.3%), HPV6 (14.3%), HPV66 (14.3%) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Herrera-Goepfert, 2013 [65] | 8/20 (40%) | HPV16 (7/8), HPV18 (1/8). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Hossein, 2013 [66] | 52/150 (35%) | HPV16 (21/52), HPV18 (15/52), HPV11 (8/52), HPV31 (4/52), HPV33 (2/52), HPV35 (2/52). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Lieng, 2013 [67] | 48/224 (21%) | // | hybrid capture 2 assay |
| Pereira Suarez, 2013 [68] | 16/61 (26%) | HPV11 (4/16), HPV16 (3/16), HPV13 (1/16). | PCR on fresh tissue |
| Baltzell, 2012 [69] | 2/70 (3%) with IS-PCR 4/70 (6%) with ISH |
// | ISH and IS-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Chang, 2012 [70] | 0/48 (0%) | // | FQ-PCR and ISH on FFPE sections |
| Frega, 2012 [20] | 9/31 (29%) | HPV16 (44%), HPV6 (22%). | // |
| Glenn, 2012 [17] | 25/50 (50%) with liquid PCR 10/27 (37%) with IS-PCR |
HPV18 (25/25) | Liquid PCR on CPT, IS-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Herrera-Romano, 2012 [71] | 0/118 (0%) | // | PCR on FFPE microdissected FFPE sections |
| Sigaroodi, 2012 [72] | 15/79 (26%) | HPV18 (4/15), HPV16 (4/15), HPV6 (2/15), HPV23 (2/15) HPV124 (1/15), HPV15 (1/15), HPV11 (1/15). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Aguayo, 2011 [73] | 4/46 (9%) | HPV16 (4/4) | RT-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Antonsson, 2011 [74] | 27/54 (50%) | HPV18 (27/27) | PCR on CPT and ISH on FFPE |
| Ghaffari, 2011 [75] | 30% (out of 67; exact number not provided) | HPV16 (15%). HPV11/16 (12%), HPV31/33 (3%). Exact number not provided | PCR on CPT |
| Hedau, 2011 [76] | 0/228 (0%) | // | qRT-PCR on CPT |
| Mou, 2011 [77] | 4/62 (7%) | HPV16 (3/4), HPV18 (1/4) | PCR on CPT |
| Silva, 2011 [78] | 0/79 (0%) | // | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Hachana, 2010 [79] | 0/123 (0%) | // | PCR and ISH on FFPE sections |
| Yavuzer, 2010 [80] | 0/84 (0%) | // | Nested-PCR on FFPE sections |
| De León, 2009 [81] | 15/51 (29%) | HPV16 (11/15), HPV18 (4/15). | PCR on FFPE sections |
| He, 2009 [82] | 24/40 (60%) | HPV16 (24/24). | PCR on CPT |
| Heng, 2009 [16] | 8/26 (31%) | HPV18 (7/8), HPV16 (1/8). | IS-PCR on FFPE |
| Mendizabal-Ruiz, 2009 [83] | 3/67 (4%) | HPV31 (2/3), HPV6 (1/3), HPV16 (1/3), HPV35 (1/3), HPV18 (1/3) | PCR on FFPE |
| Akil, 2008 [10] | 69/113 (61%) | HPV33 (63/69), HPV35 (42/69), HPV18 (11/69), HPV16 (10/69), HPV31 (8/69) | PCR on FFPE TMA |
| de Cremoux, 2008 [84] | 0/50 (0%) | // | PCR on unspecified material |
| Duò, 2008 [85] | 2/52 (4%) | HPV66, HPVX | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Khan, 2008 [86] | 26/124 (21%) | HPV16 (24/26), HPV6 in (12/26), HPV18 (3/26), HPV51 (2/26), HPV33 (1/26). | qRT-PCR on FFPE |
RT-PCR, real-time PCR; CPT, cryopreserved tissue; //, data not available; FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded; TMA, tissue microarray; CISH, chromogenic in situ hybridization; IS-PCR, in situ PCR; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; ISH, in situ hybridization; IHC, immunohistochemistry; FQ-PCR, fluorescence quantitative PCR.