Table 2.
Summary of the prevalence of HPV detection of investigated cases and controls.
| Study | HPV-Positive Cases/Total | HPV-Positive Controls/Total | Statistically Significant? Y/N (p-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Haghighi, 2023 [21] | 23/90 (25%) | 7/32 (22%) ^ | No (p = 0.8127) |
| Alinezhadi, 2022 [23] | 8/63 (13%) | 9/32 (28%) * | No (p = 0.0890) |
| Calderon, 2022 [24] | 5/447 (3%) | 1/79 (1%) # | No (p = 1.0000) |
| Golrokh Mofrad, 2021 [30] | 7/59 (12%) | 0/11 (0%) # | No (p = 0.5866) |
| Charostad, 2021 [28] | 12/36 (33%) | 2/36 (6%) § | Yes (p = 0.0059) |
| Guo, 2021 [32] | 58/180 (32%) | 10/131 (8%) ^,$ | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Sher, 2020 [33] | 5/50 (10%) | 8/100 (8%) *,#,$ | No (p = 0.7607) |
| Tawfeik, 2020 [34] | 4/20 (20%) | 0/15 (0%) # | No (p = 0.1186) |
| Baltzell, 2018 [36] | 2/61 (3%) by IS-PCR 4/60 (7%) by ISH |
8/100 (8%) § by IS-PCR 3/95 (3%) by ISH |
No by IS-PCR (p = 0.3211) No by ISH (p = 0.4310) |
| Cavalcante, 2018 [37] | 51/103 (50%) | 15/95 (16%) ^ | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Malekpour Afshar, 2018 [41] | 8/98 (8%) | 0/40 & | No (p = 0.1046) |
| Bakhtiyrizadeh, 2017 [42] | 0/150 (0%) | 0/150 # | // |
| Delgado-García, 2017 [43] | 130/251 (52%) | 49/186 (26%) # | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Islam, 2017 [44] | 174/272 (64%) | 10/38 (26%) ^,* | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Salman, 2017 [46] | 35/74 (47%) | 11/36 (31%) ^,# | No (p = 0.1045) |
| Doosti, 2016 [49] | 20/87 (23%) | 0/84 & | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Wang, 2016 [52] | 52/146 (35%) | 3/83 # | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Li, 2015 [53] | 3/187 (2%) | 0/92 # | No (p = 0.5532) |
| Gannon, 2015 [56] | 13/80 (16%) | 1/10 (10%) # | No (p = 1.0000) |
| Ahangar-Oskouee, 2014 [59] | 22/65 (34%) | 0/65 *,#,$ | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Ali, 2014 [60] | 60/129 (47%) | 0/20 (0%) ^ | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Manzouri, 2014 [62] | 10/55 (18%) | 7/51 (14%) # | No (p = 0.6029) |
| Peng, 2014 [63] | 2/100 (2%) | 0/100 # | No (p = 0.4975) |
| Lieng, 2013 [67] | 48/224 (21%) | 6/37 (16%) * | No (p = 0.6611) |
| Chang, 2012 [70] | 0/48 (0%) | 3/30 (10%) # | No (p = 0.0534) |
| Frega, 2012 [20] | 9/31 (29%) | 0/12 *,$ | Yes (p = 0.0438) |
| Glenn, 2012 [17] | 10/27 (37%) | 3/18 (17%) ^ | No (p = 0.1882) |
| Sigaroodi, 2012 [72] | 15/79 (26%) | 1/41 (2%) § | Yes (p = 0.0105) |
| Mou, 2011 [77] | 4/62 (7%) | 0/46 (0%) § | No (p = 0.1345) |
| de León, 2009 [81] | 15/51 (29%) | 0/43 (0%) *,& | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| He, 2009 [82] | 24/40 (60%) | 1/20 (5%) ^ | Yes (p < 0.0001) |
| Heng, 2009 [16] | 8/26 (31%) | 3/17 (18%) ^ | No (p = 0.4801) |
| Mendizabal-Ruiz, 2009 [83] | 3/67 (4%) | 0/40 (0%) # | No (p = 0.2911) |
* fibroadenomas, # unspecified benign lesions, § normal breast tissue from the same patient, ^ normal breast tissue from healthy patients, $ breast papillomas, & fibrocystic disorder, //, data not available.