Table 3.
Prevalence of MMTV detection in breast cancer samples according to different studies.
| Study | Positive Cases/Total Cases (%) | Technique Used |
|---|---|---|
| Fekete, 2023 [98] | 0/75 (0%) | PCR for MMTV-like env gene on FFPE sections |
| Gupta, 2022 [25] | 11/74 (15%) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Gupta, 2021 [31] | 5/70 (7%) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Khalid, 2021 [99] | 69/105 (65%) | qPCR on FFPE sections |
| De Sousa Pereira, 2020 [100] | 41/217 (19%) | Nested-PCR for MMTV-like env gene on fresh tissue |
| Naccarato, 2019 [101] | 19/103 (18%) | Fluorescence nested-PCR of microdissected FFPE sections for MMTV env-like sequences gene on fresh tissue |
| Seo, 2019 [102] | 12/128 (9%) | PCR for HMTV on fresh tissue |
| Al Dossary, 2018 [103] | 9/103 (9%) | Reverse transcriptase PCR for MMTV env-like sequences on FFPE sections |
| Motamedifar, 2017 [104] | 0/50 (0%) | PCR for MMTV env genes on FFPE sections |
| Naushad, 2017 [45] | 83/250 (29%) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Shariatpanahi, 2017 [105] | 19/59 (32%) | Nested-PCR for MMTV-like env sequences on FFPE sections |
| Reza, 2015 [106] | 12/100 (12%) | RT-PCR of FFPE sections |
| Ahangar Oskouee, 2014 [107] | 0/65 (0%) | Nested-PCR for MMTV-like sequences on FFPE sections |
| Naushad, 2014 [108] | 16/80 (20%) for env gene 21/80 (26%) for LTR sequences |
PCR for MMTV env-like and LTR sequences on FFPE sections |
| Morales-Sánchez, 2013 [109] | 0/86 (0%) | PCR for env gene on CPT |
| Tabriz, 2013 [110] | 0/40 (0%) | RT-PCR for MMTV-like env gene on FFPE sections |
| Glenn, 2012 [17] | 39/50 (78%) with liquid PCR, 5/27 (19%) with IS-PCR |
Liquid PCR on fresh frozen tissue, IS-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Mazzanti, 2011 [111] | 7/20 (35%) | Fluorescence nested-PCR for MMTV env-like sequences on microdissected FFPE sections |
| Park, 2011 [112] | 0/42 (0%) | Nested-PCR for MMTV-like env sequences on FFPE sections |
| Lawson, 2010 [113] | 33/74 (54%) by PCR 5/27 (19%) by IS-PCR |
IS-PCR and IHC for the gp52 env protein on FFPE sections |
| Fukuoka, 2008 [114] | 0/46 (0%) | PCR for MMTV env sequences and Southern blot hybridization on CPT |
| Hachana, 2008 [115] | 17/122 (14%) | Nested-PCR for MMTV env like on CPT |
FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RT-PCR, real-time PCR; CPT, cryopreserved tissue; IS-PCR, in situ PCR; IHC, immunohistochemistry.