Table 5.
Prevalence of EBV detection in breast cancer samples according to different studies.
| Study | Positive Cases/Total Cases (%) | Viral Proteins Detected | Technique Used |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gouadfel, 2023 [128] | 7/30 (23%) | LMP1 | IHC on FFPE sections |
| Mekrazi, 2023 [129] | 0/100 (0%) with IHC 44/100 (44%) with PCR 0/15 (0%) with ISH |
// | IHC, PCR, ISH on FFPE sections |
| Gupta, 2022 [25] | 36/74 (49%) | // | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Oliveira, 2022 [27] | 5/72 (7%) with ISH 50/72 (69%) with IHC |
EBNA1, EBER1 | ISH and IHC on FFPE sections |
| Shahi, 2022 [130] | 25/130 (19%) | // | PCR and IHC on FFPE |
| Zhang, 2022 [131] | 57/140 (41%) | // | CISH on FFPE sections |
| Ghaffari, 2021 [132] | 12/72 (17%) | // | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Gupta, 2021 [31] | 25/70 (36%) | EBNA1 (55/70), EBNA2 (31/70) | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Charostad, 2021 [133] | 6/51 (12%) | // | PCR on CPT |
| Golrokh Mofrad, 2020 [134] | 4/59 (7%) | EBNA 1 | PCR on FFPE |
| Mostafaei, 2020 [135] | 38/83 (46%) | // | PCR on unspecified tissue sample |
| Dowran, 2019 [136] | 0/150 (0%) | // | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Sharifpour, 2019 [137] | 10/37 (27%) | EBNA3C | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Pai, 2018 [138] | 25/83 (30%) | // | ISH on FFPE slides |
| El-Naby, 2017 [139] | 10/42 (24%) | EBNA1, LMP1 | Nested-PCR on IHC on FFPE slides |
| Naushad, 2017 [45] | 83/250 (29%) | EBNA2 | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Aboulkassim, 2015 [140] | 56/108 (52%) | LMP1 EBNA1 | PCR on TMA |
| Ballard, 2015 [141] | 63/160 (39%) | // | IHC on TMA |
| Fimereli, 2015 [54] | 1/58 (1%) with transcriptome, 0/58 (0%) with IHC |
RNA sequencing, exome sequencing PCR and IHC on CPT and FFPE sections | |
| Reza, 2015 [106] | 8/100 (8%) with rt-PCR, 18/100 (18%) EBER RNA |
// | RT-PCR |
| Richardson, 2015 [142] | 24/70 (34%) | // | qPCR on CPT |
| Corbex, 2014 [61] | 10/123 (8%) | EBV1 gene | PCR on FFPE sections |
| Peng, 2014 [63] | 60/100 (60%) | // | Multiplex PCR detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry on CPT |
| Marrão, 2014 [143] | 22/85 (26%) | // | RT-quantitative light cycler PCR |
| Morales-Sánchez, 2013 [109] | 4/86 (5%) | // | Nested-PCR on CPT |
| Baltzell, 2012 [144] | 2/70 (3%) with PCR, 0/70 (0%) with ISH |
// | ISH and IS-PCR on FFPE |
| Glenn, 2012 [17] | 34/50 (68%) with liquid PCR, 5/27 (19%) with IS-PCR |
EBNA1 | Liquid PCR on CPT, IS-PCR on FFPE sections |
| Zekri, 2012 [145] | 32/90 (35%) | EBNA1 EBER1 | PCR and ISH on FFPE slides |
| Aguayo, 2011 [73] | 3/46 (7%) | // | RT-PCR and ISH on FFPE sections |
| Hachana, 2011 [146] | 33/123 (27%) with PCR 0/123 (0%) with ISH 0/123 (0%) with IHC |
// | PCR, ISH and IHC on FFPE sections |
| Kadivar, 2011 [147] | 0/100 (0%) | // | IHC and PCR on FFPE sections |
| Mazouni, 2011 [148] | 65/196 (33%) | // | RT-PCR on CPT |
| Lorenzetti, 2010 [127] | 22/71 (31%) | // | ISH and PCR on FFPE |
| Joshi, 2009 [149] | 28/58 (55%) | EBNA 1 | IHC on FFPE slides |
| Fawzy, 2008 [150] | 10/40 (25%) | // | IHC on FFPE sections |
IHC, immunohistochemistry; FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded; //, data not available; ISH, in situ hybridization; CISH, chromogenic in situ hybridization; TMA, tissue microarray; CPT, cryopreserved tissue; RT-PCR, real-time PCR; qPCR, quantitative PCR; IS-PCR, in situ PCR.