Table 1.

A summary of symptoms of KS.

Physical, Reproductive, and Endocrine Symptoms	Lannguage Deficits	Executive Dysfunction	Social Impairments
Gynecomastia Small testes Impaired spermatogenesis Azoospermia Testicular failure Androgen deficiency Elevated gonadotropin levels	Delayed babbling, lexical, and syntactic abilities Decreased vocabulary and comprehension Impairments in complex language processing, expressive vocabulary, verbal memory, and expressive grammar Challenges in understanding metaphors and implied meanings Reading/writing difficulties Persistent phonological errors in speech production	Deficits in information processing speed Selective and sustained attention difficulties Response inhibition challenges Cognitive flexibility issues Conceptualization difficulties Problems with initiating, planning, and goal setting Lower working memory capabilities	Shy and withdrawn behavior Challenges in perceiving, comprehending, and conveying social signals Deficits in interpreting facial expressions and affective nuances in tone of voice Difficulties in academic settings and employment acquisition/retention Obstacles in forming intimate relationships