Table 2.
Chemical composition of essential oils of different species in the genus Hyssopus L.
| Species | Location | Number of Identified Compounds | Main Compounds | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. officinalis, culture | Poland | From 27 to 36 | Cis-pinocamphone (40.07–45.45%) | [12] |
| H. ambiguus | Kazakhstan | 9 | 1,8-cineole (36.0–43.5%) | [24,25] |
| H. cuspidatus | Kazakhstan | 83 | Pinocarvone (27.06%), 1,8-cineole (10.76%), cis-pinocarveol (9.57%) | [26] |
| H. cuspidatus | China | 38 | Verbenone (23.84%), β-pinene (19.76%), pinocamphone (17.95%), 1,8-cineole (7.16%), myrtenol (7.06%) | [27] |
| H. cuspidatus | China | 36 | Germacrene D (18.67%), hexadecanoic acid (17.53%), germacrene B (15.61%), trans-caryophyllene (8.04%) | [28] |
| H. cuspidatus | China | 39 | Thymol (19.65%), pinocamphone (15.30%), γ-terpinene (14.63%), p-cymene (7.49%), β-pinene (6.57%) | [29] |
| H. officinalis | Iran | 14 | Camphor (23.61%), β-pinene (21.91%) | [30] |
| H. officinalis | Cultivated in Serbia | 18 | cis-pinocamphone (42.9%), pinocamphone (14.1%), germacrene-D-11-ol (5.7%), elemol (5.6%) | [31] |
| H. officinalis | Egypt | 26 | Cis-pinocamphone (34.00%), pinocamphone (21.27%), β-pinene (13.19%), β-phellandrene (13.10) | [32] |
| H. officinalis | Turkey | 34 | Cis-pinocamphone (57.27%), β-pinene (7.23%), terpinen-4-ol (7.13%), pinocarvone (6.49%) | [33] |
| H. officinalis subsp. angustifolius | Turkey | 51 | Pinocarvone (27.1%), β-pinene (19.0%), cis-pinocamphone (13.6%) | [34] |
| H. officinalis subsp. officinalis L. | Serbia | 59 | Cis-pinocamphone in f. albus (16.4%), in f. cyaneus (22.3%), in f. ruber (58.3%) | [35] |
| H. officinalis | East Lithuania | 63 | Pinocarvone (21.1–28.1%), cis-pinocamphone (11.5–15.9%), β-pinene (7.0–11.4%), germacrene D (3.7–5.5%), hedycaryol (4.1–4.8%) in four oils, cis-pinocamphone (16.8–33.6%) in two oils | [36] |
| H. officinalis | Russia | From 31 to 37 | White-flowered pinocamphone up to 44.99%, blue-flowered pinocamphone up to 20.85%, pink-flowered pinocamphone up to 45.23% | [37] |
| H. officinalis | Poland | 5 | Cis-pinocamphone (33.52%), pinocamphone (28.67%), β-pinene (8.12%), elemol (5.86%) | [38] |
| H. officinalis | Iran | 17 | pinocamphone (53.93%) | [39] |
| H. officinalis | Russia | 27 | Pinocamphone (63.55%) | [40] |
| H. officinalis f. cyaneus | Russia, cultivated | 68 | Pinocamphone (70%) | [41] |
| H. officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius | Iran | 25 and 22 | Purple landrace was cis-pinocamphone (55.14%), β-pinene (17.06%), pinocamphone (3.50%); White landrace of hyssop camphor (31.85%), cis-pinocamphone (30.11%), β-pinene (12.26%), pinocamphone (6.09%) |
[42] |
| H. officinalis ssp. officinalis | India | 21 | Pinocamphone (49.1%), β-pinene (18.4%), cis-pinocamphone (9.7%) | [43] |
| H. officinalis | Turkey | 24 | Pinocarvone (29.2%), trans-pinocamphone (27.2%), β-pinene (17.6%), cis-camphone (4.7%) | [44] |
| H. officinalis | Egypt | 33 | Cis-pinocamphone (26.85%), β-pinene (20.43%), pinocamphone (15.97%), α-elemol (7.96%) | [45] |
| H. officinalis | India | 33 | cis-pinocamphone (53.34%), β-pinene (9.91%), limonene (7.19%) | [46] |
| H. officinalis | Serbia | 74 | Pinocamphone (41.2%) | [47] |
| H. officinalis | Iran | 19 | Myrtenyl acetate (74.08%), camphor (6.76%), germacrene (3.39%) | [48] |
| H. officinalis | Poland | 52 | Cis-pinocamphone (22.53–28.74%), pinocamphone (11.41–17.99%), β-pinene (6.69–12.01%), elemol (5.02–7.57%), germacrene D (3.14–6.98%) | [49] |
| H. officinalis | Spain | 44 | 1,8-cineole (53%), β-pinene (16%) | [50] |
| H. officinalis | Poland | 74 | Cis-pinocamphone (20.05–43.02%), pinocamphone (1.68–19.62%) |
[51] |
| H. officinalis | Poland | 50 | White-flowered pinocamphone (51%), pink-flowered pinocamphone (28.8%), cis-pinocamphone (21.9%) | [52] |
| H. officinalis | Bulgaria | 46 | Cis-pinocamphone (48.98–50.77%), β-pinene (13.38–13.54%), pinocamphone (5.78–5.94%) |
[53] |
| H. officinalis | Iran | 36 | Cis-pinocamphone (38.47%), pinocamphone (13.32%), pinocarvone (5.34%) | [54] |
| H. officinalis | Cultivated in Bulgaria | 55 | Cis-pinocamphone (40.2%), pinocamphone (10.3%), β-pinene (14.2%) | [55] |
| H. officinalis | Egypt | - | White-flowered β-pinene (19.60%), pinocamphone (19.20%), camphor (16.3%) | [56] |
| H. officinalis | India | 47 | Cis-pinocamphone (38.1%), pinocarvone (20.3%), 1,8-cineole (12.2%) | [57] |
|
H. officinalis var. decumbens |
France | 16 | Linalool (49.6%), 1,8-cineole (13.3%), limonene (5.4%) | [58] |
| H. officinalis | Montenegro | 45 | Methyl eugenol (38.3%), limonene (37.4%), β-pinene (9.6%) | [59] |
| H. officinalis | Yugoslavia | Cis-pinocamphone (46.1%) | [60] | |
| H. officinalis | Spain | 21 | 1,8-cineole (52.89%), β-pinene (16.82%) | [61] |
| H. officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.) | Turkey | 34 | Pinocarvone (36.3%), pinocamphone (19.6%), β-pinene (10.6%), 1,8-cineole (7.2%), cis-pinocamphone (5.3%) | [62] |
| H. seravschanicus | Ukraine, in culture | 27 | Cis-pinocamphone (61.58%) | [63] |
| H. seravschanicus | Tajikistan | 87 | Cis-pinocamphone (57.0–88.9%), β-pinene (0.4–6.0%), 1,8-cineole (1.8–3.6%), camphor (0.5–4.0%), spathulenol (0.1–5.0%) | [64] |
| H. cretaceus | Russia | 45 | Cis-pinocamphone (60%), pinene (12.78%), myrtenyl acetate (7.17%) |
[65] |
| H. officinalis | Russia, Crym | 58 | Cis-pinocamphone (29.7–58.4%), pinocamphone (15.2–23.3%) | [66] |