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. 2023 Dec 14;326(3):F352–F368. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00205.2023

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Citrate ameliorates polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in a dose-dependent manner. A: hematoxylin and eosin stained kidneys from 8-wk male wild-type and Cy/+ rats supplemented with water or increasing concentrations of citrate in drinking water. Scale bar = 1 mm and 100 µm, respectively. B: 2-kidney to the bodyweight of water and citrate-supplemented male wild-type and Cy/+ rats. C: cystic area of water and citrate-supplemented male Cy/+ rats. D: serum creatinine of male wild-type and Cy/+ rats. E: Sirius Red and Fast Green stain and quantification of water and citrate-supplemented male Cy/+ rats. Scale bar = 50 µm. F: smooth muscle actin (SMA-1) immunofluorescence and quantification of water and citrate-supplemented male Cy/+ rats. Scale bar = 50 µm. G: Ki67 immunofluorescence stain and quantification of water or citrate-supplemented male Cy/+ rats. Scale bar = 50 µm. Wild type: n = 12 (Water), n = 5 (30 mM citrate), n = 4 (60 mM citrate), n = 4 (120 mM citrate). Cy/+: n = 12 (Water), n = 5 (30 mM citrate), n = 7 (60 mM citrate), n = 12 (120 mM citrate). (Standard deviation and means represented. One-way ANOVA followed by ad hoc Tukey’s test was used for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001).