Figure 8.

(A) ED₅₀ values of free etomidate dissolved in PBS (“Etomidate”), the commercial etomidate emulsion (“Emulsion”), Eto-lip, and Eto-lip-LF in rats. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). The average ED₅₀ of Eto-lip was a little higher than those of the other three groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). (B) The onset time, (C) action duration, and (D) recovery time of the four groups after anesthesia induction via a single injection at 2 mg etomidate/kg. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 10). Eto-lip-LF showed a significantly faster onset (* p < 0.05) than the commercial etomidate emulsion. Both Eto-lip and Eto-lip-LF showed shorter action duration (*** p < 0.001 for Eto-lip vs. Emulsion, ^### p < 0.001 for Eto-lip-LF vs. Emulsion) and faster recovery (* p < 0.05 for Eto-lip vs. Emulsion, *** p < 0.001 for Eto-lip-LF vs. Emulsion) than the commercial etomidate emulsion. Moreover, Eto-lip-LF showed even faster recovery as compared with Eto-lip (^# p < 0.05).