TABLE 1.
Patient, tumor, and treatment data for the cohort
| Patient & Tumor Data | All Patients | LMD | No LMD |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 217 | 47 | 170 |
| No. of BMs resected at index surgery | 225 | 50 | 175 |
| Median age at surgery (range), yrs | 60.6 (26.9–84.9) | 61.4 (26.9–83.5) | 60.4 (27.1–84.9) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 80 (36.9) | 13 (27.7) | 67 (39.4) |
| Female | 137 (63.1) | 34 (72.3) | 103 (60.6) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White/Caucasian | 155 (71.4) | 28 (59.6) | 127 (74.7) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 26 (12) | 12 (25.5) | 14 (8.2) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 21 (9.7) | 1 (2.1) | 20 (11.8) |
| Black/African American | 7 (3.2) | 4 (8.5) | 3 (1.8) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) |
| Other | 5 (2.3) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (1.8) |
| Not reported | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Primary cancer type, n (%) | |||
| Non–small cell lung cancer | 61 (28.1) | 11 (23.4) | 50 (29.4) |
| Breast | 53 (24.4) | 18 (38.3) | 35 (20.6) |
| Melanoma | 50 (23.0) | 7 (14.9) | 43 (25.3) |
| Gastrointestinal | 24 (11.1) | 4 (8.5) | 20 (11.8) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 11 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 11 (6.5) |
| Gynecologic | 10 (4.6) | 4 (8.5) | 6 (3.5) |
| Urothelial | 8 (3.7) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (2.9) |
| BM location, n (%) | |||
| Frontal | 63 (28) | 10 (20) | 53 (30.3) |
| Parietal | 49 (21.8) | 6 (12) | 43 (24.6) |
| Cerebellum | 47 (20.9) | 17 (34) | 30 (17.1) |
| Temporal | 34 (15.1) | 6 (12) | 28 (16) |
| Occipital | 30 (13.3) | 10 (20) | 20 (11.4) |
| Insula | 2 (0.9) | 1 (2) | 1 (0.6) |
| Side of surgically resected BM, n (%) | |||
| Rt | 112 (49.8) | 26 (52) | 86 (49.1) |
| Lt | 110 (48.9) | 22 (44) | 88 (50.3) |
| Midline | 3 (1.3) | 2 (4) | 1 (0.6) |
| Extracranial disease status at index surgery, n (%) | |||
| Present | 127 (58.5) | 17 (36.2) | 110 (64.7) |
| Absent | 90 (41.5) | 30 (63.8) | 60 (35.3) |
| Median no. of total BMs at surgery (range) | 1 (1–19) | 2 (1–13) | 1 (1–19) |
| Intratumoral hemorrhage, n (%) | 95 (42.2) | 15 (30) | 78 (44.6) |
| Cystic features, n (%) | 49 (21.8) | 11 (22) | 38 (21.7) |
| Contact w/ cortical surface, n (%) | 139 (64.1) | 33 (70.2) | 106 (62.4) |
| Contact w/ ventricle, n (%) | 44 (20.3) | 16 (34.0) | 28 (16.5) |
| Median mos of clinical follow-up (range) | 14.6 (1–169.4) | 13.2 (4.2–136.7) | 14.9 (1.0–169.4) |
| Tx details | |||
| Extent of resection, n (%) | |||
| GTR | 173 (76.9) | 39 (78) | 134 (76.6) |
| STR | 51 (22.7) | 11 (22) | 40 (22.9) |
| Median resected BM volume (range), cm3 | 16.8 (0.3–149.9) | 16.9 (2.1–149.9) | 16.6 (0.3–101.9) |
| Median mos from BM diagnosis to craniotomy (range) | 0.3 (0–44.4) | 0.3 (0–23.5) | 0.3 (0–44.4) |
| Subsequent additional craniotomies for BM resection, n (%) | 44 (20.3) | 12 (25.5) | 32 (18.8) |
| No. of craniotomies, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 170 (78.3) | 34 (72.3) | 136 (80) |
| 2 | 40 (18.4) | 10 (21.3) | 30 (17.6) |
| 3 | 5 (2.3) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (1.8) |
| 4 | 2 (0.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (0.6) |
| RT prior to index surgery, n (%) | 29 (13.4) | 7 (14.9) | 22 (12.9) |
| Immediate postop RT, n (%) | |||
| Focal RT | 186 (85.7) | 41 (87.2) | 145 (85.3) |
| WBRT | 31 (14.3) | 6 (12.8) | 25 (14.7) |
| WBRT prior to any LMD diagnosis, n (%) | 48 (22.1) | 11 (23.4) | 37 (21.8) |
| Prior CPI use, n (%) | 21 (9.7) | 4 (8.5) | 17 (10) |
| Prior other targeted or hormonal systemic therapy, n (%) | 57 (26.3) | 15 (31.9) | 42 (24.7) |
| Prior CPI or other targeted/hormonal systemic therapy, n (%) | 69 (31.8) | 17 (36.2) | 52 (30.6) |
| Postop CPI use, n (%) | 51 (23.5) | 9 (19.2) | 42 (24.7) |
| Postop other targeted or hormonal systemic therapy, n (%) | 97 (44.7) | 21 (44.7) | 76 (44.7) |
| Postop CPI or other targeted/hormonal systemic therapy, n (%) | 128 (59) | 26 (55.3) | 102 (60) |
| Any postop systemic therapy, n (%) | 156 (71.9) | 34 (72.3) | 122 (71.8) |
Tx = treatment.