Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics at Index
| Cohorts for HZ incidence | Cohorts for HRU and costs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PsA+ (n = 57,126) | PsO–/PsA– (n = 23,837,237) | Standardized differencea | PsA+/HZ+ (n = 1045) | PsA+/HZ– (n = 36,091) | Standardized differencea | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 57.4 ± 14.0 | 49.7 ± 18.7 | 46.7% | 63.5 ± 13.1 | 59.0 ± 14.3 | 33.2% |
| 18–49, n (%) | 16,847 (29.5) | 12,229,065 (51.3) | 44.5% | 160 (15.3) | 9629 (26.7) | 27.9% |
| 50–64, n (%) | 20,691 (36.2) | 5,255,582 (22.0) | 31.2% | 349 (33.4) | 12,837 (35.6) | 4.6% |
| ≥65, n (%) | 19,588 (34.3) | 6,352,590 (26.6) | 16.6% | 536 (51.3) | 13,625 (37.8) | 27.2% |
| Female,b n (%) | 31,663 (55.4) | 12,220,226 (51.3) | 8.3% | 662 (63.3) | 19,676 (54.5) | 18.0% |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 42,973 (75.2) | 14,970,006 (62.8) | 26.9% | 823 (78.8) | 27,525 (76.3) | 6.0% |
| Hispanic | 5630 (9.9) | 3,079,925 (12.9) | 9.6% | 109 (10.4) | 3624 (10.0) | 1.3% |
| Black | 3445 (6.0) | 2,471,734 (10.4) | 15.8% | 54 (5.2) | 2222 (6.2) | 4.3% |
| Asian | 1565 (2.7) | 1,210,204 (5.1) | 12.1% | 23 (2.2) | 1017 (2.8) | 3.9% |
| Unknown | 3513 (6.1) | 2,105,368 (8.8) | 10.2% | 36 (3.4) | 1703 (4.7) | 6.4% |
| Geographic region, n (%) | ||||||
| South | 27,119 (47.5) | 10,406,629 (43.7) | 7.7% | 501 (47.9) | 16,801 (46.6) | 2.8% |
| Midwest | 12,554 (22.0) | 5,402,117 (22.7) | 1.6% | 210 (20.1) | 8116 (22.5) | 5.8% |
| West | 10,411 (18.2) | 5,013,736 (21.0) | 7.1% | 209 (20.0) | 6670 (18.5) | 3.9% |
| Northeast | 7000 (12.3) | 2,492,213 (10.5) | 5.7% | 125 (12.0) | 4485 (12.4) | 1.4% |
| Other/unknown | 42 (0.1) | 522,542 (2.2) | 20.0% | 0 | 19 (0.1) | 3.2% |
| Insurance type, n (%) | ||||||
| Medicare Advantage | 23,773 (41.6) | 6,707,606 (28.1) | 28.3% | 581 (55.6) | 15,785 (43.7) | 23.7% |
| Commercial | 33,353 (58.4) | 17,129,631 (71.9) | 28.3% | 464 (44.4) | 20,306 (56.3) | 23.7% |
Notes: aStandardized differences of 20%, 50%, and 80% represent small, medium, and large differences, respectively.27,28 For continuous variables, the standardized difference was calculated by dividing the absolute difference in means of the two cohorts (PsA+ vs PsO–/PsA– or PsA+/HZ+ vs PsA+/HZ–) by the pooled SD of both groups. The pooled SD was the square root of the average of the squared SDs. For categorical variables with two levels, the standardized difference was calculated using the following equation, where P1 and P2 were the respective proportions of participants in the two cohorts: (P1–P2)/√p(1–p)], where p = (P1+P2)/2. bIncluding some patients of unknown sex, who were inputted as female (PsA+ n = 4; PsO–/PsA– n = 2220; PsA+/HZ– n = 3).
Abbreviations: HRU, healthcare resource use; HZ, herpes zoster; PsA+, patients with psoriatic arthritis; PsA+/HZ+, patients with psoriatic arthritis and herpes zoster; PsA+/HZ–, patients with psoriatic arthritis but without herpes zoster; PsO–/PsA–, patients with neither psoriatic arthritis nor psoriasis; SD, standard deviation.