Table 2.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
| Cohorts for HZ incidence | Cohorts for HRU and costs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PsA+ (n = 57,126) |
PsO–/PsA– (n = 23,837,237) | Standardized differencea | PsA+/HZ+ (n = 1045) | PsA+/HZ– (n = 36,091) | Standardized differencea | |
| Clinical characteristics during 6-month (incidence cohorts) or 12-month (HRU/costs cohorts) baseline | ||||||
| CCI,b mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 37.2% | 1.5 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 18.9% |
| Rheumatoid arthritis n (%) | 8687 (15.2) | 221,333 (0.9) | 52.4% | 252 (24.1) | 6772 (18.8) | 13.0% |
| Comorbidities potentially associated with HZ,c n (%) | 6998 (12.3) | 1,102,816 (4.6) | 27.4% | 221 (21.1) | 6186 (17.1) | 10.2% |
| Additional immunosuppressive conditions,d n (%) | 4453 (7.8) | 490,870 (2.1) | 26.5% | 123 (11.8) | 3108 (8.6) | 10.4% |
| PsA/PsO-related treatments during 6-month (incidence cohorts) or 12-month (HRU/cost cohorts) baseline, n (%) | ||||||
| Systemic non-biologics | 26,843 (47.0) | 2,709,257 (11.4) | 78.4% | 627 (60.0) | 20,205 (56.0) | 8.1% |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 18,692 (32.7) | 2,659,778 (11.2) | 52.1% | 561 (53.7) | 16,244 (45.0) | 17.4% |
| Systemic biologics | 18,150 (31.8) | 58,875 (0.2) | 86.0% | 402 (38.5) | 14,530 (40.3) | 3.7% |
| Topical steroids | 15,478 (27.1) | 774,110 (3.2) | 66.5% | 391 (37.4) | 13,673 (37.9) | 1.0% |
| Non-steroidal topicals | 1631 (2.9) | 12,911 (0.1) | 23.4% | 43 (4.1) | 1502 (4.2) | 0.2% |
| Phototherapy | 593 (1.0) | 3426 (0.0) | 14.1% | 19 (1.8) | 578 (1.6) | 1.7% |
| Systemic JAK inhibitors | 185 (0.3) | 3295 (0.0) | 7.6% | 19 (1.8) | 308 (0.9) | 8.4% |
| PsA/PsO-related treatments at index,e n (%) | ||||||
| Systemic non-biologics | 19,600 (34.3) | 1,227,462 (5.1) | 73.3% | 380 (36.4) | 12,215 (33.8) | 5.3% |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 7719 (13.5) | 791,412 (3.3) | 36.7% | 185 (17.7) | 4394 (12.2) | 15.5% |
| Systemic biologics | 17,761 (31.1) | 57,554 (0.2) | 84.9% | 360 (34.4) | 13,149 (36.4) | 4.1% |
| Topical steroids | 6820 (11.9) | 264,984 (1.1) | 43.8% | 112 (10.7) | 4094 (11.3) | 2.0% |
| Non-steroidal topicals | 711 (1.2) | 5250 (0.0) | 15.4% | 13 (1.2) | 440 (1.2) | 0.2% |
| Phototherapy | 324 (0.6) | 1753 (0.0) | 10.5% | 10 (1.0) | 195 (0.5) | 4.8% |
| Systemic JAK inhibitors | 178 (0.3) | 3154 (0.0) | 7.4% | 19 (1.8) | 239 (0.7) | 10.4% |
| All-cause direct healthcare costs during 6-month (incidence cohorts) or 12-month (HRU/cost cohorts) baseline, 2021 USD, mean ± SD | 20,711 ± 39,041 | 6102 ± 28,538 | 42.7% | 57,141 ± 92,537 | 48,510 ± 72,473 | 10.4% |
Notes: aSee Table 1 footnote. bCCI was computed according to the methods outlined in Quan et al.25 cAsthma, Crohn’s disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial lung disease, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, other giant cell arteritis, Sicca syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, and scleroderma. dMainly use of chemotherapy for solid and hematological malignancies in prior 6 months. eWithin the 3 months before index or initiated before and ended after index (for biologics and JAK inhibitors) or within 6 months before and covering index (other treatments). A 30-day extension following the date of discontinuation was applied to the observation window for all medication groups.
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson-Quan Comorbidity Index; HRU, healthcare resource use; HZ, herpes zoster; JAK, Janus kinase; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; PsA+, patients with psoriatic arthritis; PsA+/HZ+, patients with psoriatic arthritis and herpes zoster; PsA+/HZ–, patients with psoriatic arthritis but without herpes zoster; PsO–/PsA–, patients with neither psoriatic arthritis nor psoriasis; PsO, psoriasis; SD, standard deviation; USD, United States dollars.