Fig. 1.

Putative mechanisms underlying the renal benefits of tirzepatide. In green, the main factors contributing to chronic kidney disease (CKD); in yellow, the main mechanisms perpetrating kidney damage. In the absence of data on tirzepatide, information on GIP receptor or GLP-1 receptor monoagonists was reported. apoB apolipoprotein B, apoCIII, apolipoprotein CIII, AT-II angiotensin II, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GIPRA glucose-dependent insulinotropic poplypeptide receptor agonist, GLP-1RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, HDL high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IGFBP-1 insulin growth factor binding protein-1, IGFBP-2 insulin growth factor binding protein-2, LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol, NHE3 sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3, TZP tirzepatide, VLDL very low density lipoprotein