Table 4.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for infection within the first 3 cycles of azacitidine treatment.
| Characteristics | With infection in the first 3 cycles N (%) or median (range) |
Without infection in the first 3 cycles N (%) or median (range) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 66 (55.9) | 111 (58.7) | 0.716 |
| Female | 52 (44.1) | 78 (41.2) | |
| Age, median, range | 72 (33–88) | 71 (18–95) | 0.251 |
| WHO 2016 diagnosis | 0.024* | ||
| AML | 52 (44.0) | 64 (33.8) | |
| MDS | 54 (45.7) | 115 (60.8) | |
| CMML | 12 (10.1) | 10 (5.2) | |
| IPSS | 0.22 | ||
| Low | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Int 1 | 5 (4.2) | 11 (5.8) | |
| Int 2 | 36 (30.5) | 66 (34.9) | |
| High | 39 (33.0) | 50 (26.4) | |
| NA | 38 (32.2) | 61 (32.2) | |
| IPSS-R | 0.21 | ||
| Very Low | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Low | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Intermediate | 7 (5.9) | 14 (7.4) | |
| High | 23 (19.5) | 52 (27.5) | |
| Very High | 47 (39.8) | 56 (29.6) | |
| NA | 40 (33.9) | 66 (34.9) | |
| ECOG Performance Status | 0+ | ||
| 0–1 | 61 (51.6) | 152 (80.4) | |
| 2–4 | 57 (48.3) | 37 (19.5) | |
| IPSS cytogenetics | 0.055 | ||
| Low | 38 (32.2) | 70 (37.0) | |
| Intermediate | 18 (15.2) | 40 (21.1) | |
| High | 20 (16.9) | 28 (14.8) | |
| NA | 42 (35.6) | 51 (26.9) | |
| IPSS-R cytogenetics | 0.031* | ||
| Very Good | 38 (32.2) | 70 (37.0) | |
| Good | 1 (0.8) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Intermediate | 19 (16.1) | 45 (23.8) | |
| Poor/Very Poor | 25 (21.1) | 35 (18.5) | |
| NA | 35 (29.6) | 36 (19.0) | |
| Vit D3 | 18.0 (7.2-40) | 20.0 (8.0-80.1) | 0.179 |
| RBC TD | 82 (70.0) | 86 (46.0) | 0+ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (21.5) | 42 (22.5) | 0.946 |
| COPD | 13 (11.2) | 9 (4.8) | 0.067 |
| Cardiac failure (NYHA III/IV) |
21 (18.1) | 19 (10.1) | 0.070 |
| Second malignancy | 24 (20.6) | 44 (23.4) | 0.681 |
| Corticosteroid treatment | 10 (8.5) | 10 (5.3) | 0.384 |
| Autoimmune disease | 16 (13.9) | 25 (13.2) | 1 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 20.5 (0-242) | 6 (0-200) | 0+ |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 8.9 (4.7–97.0) | 9.0 (4.5–91.5) | 0.172 |
| Platelets (× 109/l) | 45 (4–828) | 61 (5–628) | 0.162 |
| Neutrophils (× 109/l) | 0.63 (0.0–56.8) | 0.87 (0.02–39.0) | 0.143 |
| Lymphocytes (× 109/l) | 1.16 (0.0–9.5) | 1.30 (0.1–11.0) | 0.516 |
| Monocytes (× 109/l) | 0.35 (0.0–41.0) | 0.30 (0.0–34.5) | 0.837 |
| Bone marrow blasts(%) | 16.7 (1.0–96.2) | 14.0 (0.0–93.0) | 0.016 |
| IgG (g/l) | 1121 (100-3937) | 900(100–1180) | 0.026* |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 1144 (61–11099) | 574 (11–7932) | 0.001* |
| Iron (g/dl) | 121 (27–267) | 124 (6.8–291) | 0.428 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.6 (1.9–5.4) | 3.9 (2.6–9.97) | 0.0004* |
AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CMML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; CRP, C-reactive protein; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IgG, immunoglobulin G; Int, intermediate; IPSS, international prognostic scoring system; IPSS-R, revised international prognostic; scoring system; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; NA, not available; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RBC TD, Red Blood Cell Transfusion Dependence; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
* - statistically significant meaning p value < 0,05.