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. 2024 Jun 26;14:14785. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65490-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

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(a) Trajectories of four selected electrons with a corresponding relativistic Lorentz factor γ that undergo betatron oscillations; (b) Photon energy distribution per 0.1%BW at time t = 130T₀ (black), 330T₀ (blue), and 630T₀ (red)¹⁰.