Table 2.
Associations among UCPCR, fasting glucagon/glucose ratio, and markers of glycemic control
| OR (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIR (>70%) | TBR (>4%) | TAR (>25%) | CV (%) | HbA1c (mmol/mol) | |
| Model 1 | |||||
| UCPCR | 2.13 (1.59–2.95) | 0.52 (0.42–0.65) | 0.45 (0.32–0.60) | −3.43 (−4.26 to −2.59) | −1.93 (−3.24 to −0.63) |
| Glucagon/glucose ratio | 1.75 (1.11–2.86) | 1.32 (0.84–2.10) | 0.50 (0.31–0.80) | −1.91 (−3.69 to 0.13) | −5.39 (−7.91 to −2.88) |
| Model 2 | |||||
| UCPCR | 2.24 (1.60–3.26) | 0.50 (0.31–0.76) | 0.47 (0.32–0.65) | −3.01 (−3.93 to −2.09) | −1.94 (−3.40 to −0.48) |
| Glucagon/glucose ratio | 1.66 (1.04–2.74) | 1.41 (0.87–2.27) | 0.57 (0.34–0.90) | −1.27 (−3.02 to 0.49) | −5.25 (−7.81 to −2.70) |
| Model 3 | |||||
| UCPCR | 1.99 (1.42–2.89) | 0.52 (0.32–0.79) | 0.52 (0.36–0.73) | −2.71 (−3.63 to −1.79) | −1.53 (−3.00 to −0.06) |
| Glucagon/glucose ratio | 1.68 (1.05–2.83) | 1.44 (0.90–2.32) | 0.57 (0.33–0.91) | −1.35 (−3.07 to 0.36) | −5.25 (−7.78 to −2.73) |
| Model 4 | |||||
| UCPCR | 2.41 (1.75–3.45) | 0.46 (0.29–0.68) | 0.40 (0.28–0.55) | −3.55 (−4.42 to −2.70) | −2.38 (−3.72 to −1.04) |
| Glucagon/glucose ratio | 1.80 (1.13–2.99) | 1.36 (0.86–2-18) | 0.50 (0.30–0.81) | −1.77 (−3.55 to 0.00) | −5.61 (−8.13 to −3.10) |
| Model 5 | |||||
| UCPCR | 1.89 (1.31–2.83) | 0.52 (0.35–0.74) | 0.55 (0.37–0.80) | −2.61 (−3.73 to −1.48) | −1.72 (−3.51 to 0.06) |
| Glucagon/glucose ratio | 1.68 (0.95–1.06) | 1.22 (0.78–1.96) | 0.51 (0.30–0.85) | −1.17 (−2.88 to 0.55) | −5.34 (−7.88 to −2.80) |
Depicted are logistic regression models of UCPCR or glucagon/glucose ratio and TIR, TBR, and TAR. HbA1c and glucose CV were analyzed using a linear regression model. Model 1 is the unadjusted analyses. Model 2 is adjusted for sex, age, and duration of T1D. Model 3 is further adjusted for the total daily insulin dose in units. Model 4 is further adjusted for type of insulin-administering device (entered as dummy variables for manual, predictive low-glucose suspend, hybrid closed-loop, or do-it-yourself closed-loop insulin pump, with insulin pen use acting as the reference category). Model 5 was adjusted for BMI.