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. 2024 May 23;16(6):827. doi: 10.3390/v16060827

Figure 5.

Figure 5

N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) inhibits V/HN-LV infection. (A) The CMAH enzyme converts CMP-Neu5Ac to CMP-Neu5Gc and is a pseudogene in humans and has thereby lost its activity. (B) HEK293FT cells were infected with LV particles at 400 PP/cell after feeding with 1.0 mM Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc for 9 days. The GFP-positive cells were evaluated by flow cytometry 2 days after transduction. (C) Neu5Gc expression was stained on WT-HEK293FT and CMAH-HEK293FT cells using an anti-Neu5Gc antibody. (D,E) The infection efficacy of LV particles on WT-HEK293FT and CMAH-HEK293FT cells was evaluated by (D) microscopic observation 48 h post-infection at 800 PP/cell and (E) flow cytometry analyses 48 h post-infection at the indicated PP/cell. (F) Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was determined by flow cytometry. Scale bar, 100 µm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD with biological replicates (n = 3) and ordinary two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was conducted. **** p < 0.0001 and *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant.