Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with long COVID.
| Variable | Total n = 198 |
Vaccinated n = 138 |
Unvaccinated n = 60 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.1 ± 14.2 | 45.5 ± 14.7 | 44.3 ± 13.2 | 0.603 |
| Female (%) | 139 (70.2) | 96 (69.6) | 43 (71.7) | 0.766 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 5.2 | 24.9 ± 4.9 | 26.2 ± 5.8 | 0.165 |
| Hypertension (%) | 73 (36.9) | 53 (38.4) | 20 (33.3) | 0.497 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 8 (4.0) | 7 (5.1) | 2 (1.7) | 0.263 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 55 (27.8) | 38 (27.5) | 17 (28.3) | 0.908 |
| Family history for CVD (%) | 29 (14.6) | 21 (15.2) | 8 (13.3) | 0.730 |
| Symptom Class (%) | 0.014 | |||
| I | 88 (44.4) | 69 (50.0) | 19 (31.7) | |
| II | 82 (41.4) | 55 (39.9) | 27 (45.0) | |
| III | 28 (14.1) | 14 (10.1) | 14 (23.3) | |
| Anti-SARS-CoV2-spike (BAU/mL) | 1487 ± 1109 | 1925 ± 938 | 481 ± 768 | <0.001 |
| Days from infection to blood sampling (d) | 246 ± 152 | 269 ± 151 | 193 ± 140 | 0.001 |
| Days from infection to vaccination (d) | 110 ± 167 | |||
| Vaccine prior to infection (%) | 23 (11.6) | 23 (16.7) | 0 (0) | - |
| Vaccine doses (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 60 (30.3) | 0 (0.0) | 60 (100) | |
| 1 | 43 (21.7) | 43 (31.2) | ||
| 2 | 57 (28.8) | 57 (41.3) | ||
| 3 | 34 (17.2) | 34 (24.6) | ||
| 4 | 4 (2.0) | 4 (2.9) | ||
| First vaccine type (%) | - | |||
| AstraZeneca | 20 (10.1) | 20 (14.5) | ||
| Janssen | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | ||
| Moderna | 12 (6.1) | 12 (8.7) | ||
| Pfizer-BioNTech | 104 (52.5) | 104 (74.4) | ||
| NT-proBNP (mg/dL) | 89.1 ± 164 | 94.8 ± 184.5 | 76.4 ± 104.4 | 0.425 |
| CRP (µg/mL) | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.32 | 0.21 ± 0.28 | 0.668 |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.52 ± 0.81 | 1.53 ± 0.83 | 1.49 ± 0.78 | 0.812 |
| IgG (mg/dL) | 1126 ± 300 | 1104 ± 239 | 1177 ± 404 | 0.115 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199 ± 42 | 197 ± 42 | 202 ± 41 | 0.527 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 115.65 ± 78.15 | 108 ± 71 | 134 ± 91 | 0.122 |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 49 ± 75 | 55 ± 82 | 36 ± 53 | 0.346 |
| CK (U/L) | 99 ± 58 | 96 ± 51 | 106 ± 72 | 0.801 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.930 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 118 ± 122 | 122 ± 125 | 111 ± 116 | 0.250 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L FEU) | 0.27 ± 0.38 | 0.31 ± 0.42 | 0.18 ± 0.21 | 0.086 |
| IgA (mg/dL) | 207 ± 100 | 204 ± 101 | 217 ± 97 | 0.348 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 319 ± 67 | 320 ± 69 | 318 ± 63 | 0.964 |
| aPTT (s) | 35.3 ± 3.6 | 35.4 ± 3.7 | 35.1 ± 3.5 | 0.947 |
| Thrombocytes (/nL) | 261 ± 54 | 260 ± 56 | 262 ± 50 | 0.816 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.35 ± 2.36 | 14.4 ± 2.55 | 14.24 ± 1.92 | 0.945 |
BMI—body mass index, CVD—cardiovascular disease, CK—creatinine kinase, aPTT—activated partial thromboplastin clotting time, CRP—C reactive protein, TSH—thyroid-stimulating hormone, Ig—immunoglobulin.