Figure 4.

Nanoparticles, such as silver or gold nanoparticles, have been integrated into the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to boost its sensitivity and detection capabilities. Incorporating these nanoparticles into the ELISA process enhances the detection of specific antigens, such as antigen B, in E. granulosus infections. These nanoparticles act as carriers for antibodies or antigens, increasing the surface area available for binding and allowing for more efficient interactions between the target antigen and the detection antibodies. The use of silver and gold nanoparticles also leverages their unique optical properties, which can improve the signal detection methods employed in ELISA, ultimately enhancing its overall sensitivity and performance in diagnosing infections caused by E. granulosus and potentially other pathogens.