Figure 1. PAL inhibits breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. (A) The chemical structure of PAL. (B, C) MTT assay results showing the cell viability of MCF7 cells treated with PAL at indicated concentrations for 24 and 48 h. (D, E) MTT assay results for the cell viability of MDA-MB-468 cells treated with PAL at indicated concentrations for 24 and 48 h. (F) Representative crystal violet staining images depicting the colony formation of MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells treated with PAL at indicated concentrations. (G, H) The curve lines indicate the cell number of MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells treated with PAL at indicated concentrations over 3, 6, and 10 days. (I) Images showing the appearance of MCF7 tumor extracted from nude mice treated with either vehicle or PAL. (J) A curve line graph depicting the tumor volumes in vehicle- and PAL-treated mice. (K) A curve line graph showing the body weight changes in vehicle- and PAL-treated mice. Bar. S.D., *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.