Table 3.

List of included components and their definitions

	Component	Descriptions
Interventions
Cognitive rehabilitation	cr	Physicians and caregivers collaborate to use individualized interventions or strategies to help maintain and improve certain daily living abilities or social functions, such as eating, taking medications, and washing
Cognitive training	ct	Enhancing cognitive function and increasing cognitive reserve through training in different cognitive domains and cognitive processing
Cognitive stimulation	cs	Non-specific cognitive interventions in the form of team activities or discussions to improve overall cognitive functioning or social functioning
Aerobic exercise; low intensity	ael	< 45% VO2max or < 50% HRR or < 65% HRmax
Aerobic exercise; moderate intensity	aem	45–65% VO2max or > 50–65% HRR or 65–75% HRmax
Aerobic exercise; vigorous intensity	aev	> 65% VO2max or > 65% HRR or > 75% HRmax
Balance training	bat	Same as Table 1 definitions
High-intensity interval training	hitt	A sport that involves repeated bouts of intense exercise (e.g., ≥ 80% of peak or maximum heart rate) separated by intervals of recovery or rest [27]
Resistance training	ret	Same as Table 1 definitions [22]
Healthy living knowledge promotion	hlkp	Promote understanding about how behavior impact health, and require individuals to have the capacity to acquire, understand, and operationalize the content of health education in order to improve their health status [28]
Transcranial direct current stimulation	tdcs	One particular technique, transcranial direct current stimulation, involves the application of low amplitude (e.g., 1–2 mA), sustained current over a short duration (e.g., 20 min) via strategically positioned electrodes on the scalp [29]
Cognitive behavior therapy	cbt	A therapy in which cognitive restructuring was one of the core components. The aim is evaluating, challenging, and modifying a patient’s dysfunctional beliefs [30]
Mindfulness therapy	mft	The awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment [31]
Music therapy	mtt	The professional use of music and its elements as an intervention in medical, educational, and everyday environment with individuals, groups, families, or communities, who seek to optimize their quality of life and improve their physical, social, communicative, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health and well-being [32]
Delivery
Face-to-face and one-on-one	fo	Face-to-face and one-on-one between intervention implementer and study participant when implementing intervention
Face to face and groups	fg	Face-to-face and groups between intervention implementer and study participant when implementing intervention
Internetwork and one-on-one	io	One-on-one delivery of interventions through the internet
Internetwork and groups	ig	Group delivery of interventions through the internet
Setting
Gym	gy	Indoor places to play sports
Home	hm	Individual residences of research subjects
Hospital	hp	Various medical institutions for the purpose of saving lives and treating diseases
Institute of medicine	iom	Organizations with a mission to advise the nation on matters of health and medicine
Long-term care facilities	lcf	Public or private long-term care facilities
Materials
Educational material	em	With the help of paper-based educational materials such as pamphlets and books
Application	app	Intervention with application software
Computer	cp	Intervention with computer
Virtual reality	vr	A technique that utilizes computers to generate a virtual world that directly imposes visual, auditory, and tactile sensations on participants and allows them to interactively observe and manipulate it
Frequency
Low frequency	lf	Less than 2 times a week on average
Medium frequency	mf	Average 2 ~ 3 times a week
High frequency	hf	Greater than 3 times a week on average

VO₂max maximal oxygen consumption, HRR Heart rate reserve, HRmax Max heart rate