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Schematic diagram of the inhibitory effects of shikonin on mitochondria biogenesis and metastasis in CAF-stimulated TNBC cells. Shikonin modulates the post-translation of PGC-1α by GSK-3β, increasing its phosphorylation at Thr295, which enhances NEDD4-1 recognition, leading to subsequent degradation by ubiquitin proteolysis. The inhibition of PGC-1α by shikonin results in restricted CAF-stimulated PGC-1α/ERRα axis-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis, ultimately reducing TNBC metastasis
