Table 1.
Clinical observation of Chinese empirical formulas for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
| Name | Composition | Samples | Dosage/daily | Duration | DR stage | Hospital/center | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae), Lycium barbarum L., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Rubia cordifolia L., Typha angustifolia L., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | 30 | Two times/day (six days continuously and stop one day) | Six months | DR | Wuhan No.9 Hospital | (Yi et al. 2019) |
| Jiang-Tang-Zeng-Ming Tang | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae), Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Conyza blinii Lévl., Cirsium japonicum Fisch. ex DC., Sparganium stoloniferum Buch. Ham., Curcuma phaeocaulis VaL., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Whitmania pigra Whitman, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Leonurus cardiaca L. (Lamiaceae) | 42 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day; 200 ml/time |
Four months | NPDR | The People’s Hospital of Xinzhou District | (Yi 2013) |
| Zi-Yin-Yi-Qi-Tong-Luo Formula | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Lycium barbarum L., Typha angustifolia L., Leonurus cardiaca L. (Lamiaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Cassia obtusifolia L. (Leguminosae), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), Whitmania pigra Whitman, Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier), Dioscorea opposita Thunb. | 51 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day; 200 ml/time |
Six months |
NPDR | Hebei Wanquan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine | (Jia 2014) |
| Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin Decotion | Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Rheum palmatum L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | 26 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day; 200 mL/time |
Three months | Mild to moderate NPDR (Qi-Yin deficiency and meridian stasis syndrome) |
Shanghai Hospital of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicin | (Zhang et al. 2019) |
| Tang-Wang Presentation (TWP) | Astragalus sinicus L., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Typha orientalis C. Presl, Cassia obtusifolia L. (Leguminosae), Iris japonica Thunb. | 192 | One dose/two times/day | One year |
NPDR | Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhengzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Baodin City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; zi bo wanjie cancer hospital; Shijiazhuang City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zouping Country Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
(Jin et al. 2021) |
| Qing-Gan-Ming-Shi Tang | Conyza blinii Lévl., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Cyathula officinalis Kuan, Ophicalcitym, Rubia cordifolia L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Bupleurum chinense DC., Cassia obtusifolia L. (Leguminosae), Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling | 48 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day | Six months | Mild to moderate NPDR | Cangzhou Hospital of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicin | (Wang, Wu, et al. 2023) |
| Yuan-Qi-Qu-Yu Formula | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae), Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., Sophora japonica L., Acorus tatarinowii Schott, Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Leonurus cardiaca L. (Lamiaceae) | 34 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day | Three months | NPDR (Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome) |
Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University | (Wang, Yao, et al. 2019) |
| 35 | One dose/two times/day | Two months | PDR | The TCM Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region | (Nulahou et al. 2018) | ||
| Sheng-Qing-Jiang-Zhuo-Tong-Luo-Ming-Mu Formula | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Lycopus lucidus Turcz. var. hirtus Regel, Leonurus cardiaca L. (Lamiaceae), Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Coptis chinensis Franch., Rheum palmatum L., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Citrus aurantium L., Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils., Cassia obtusifolia L. (Leguminosae), Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep., Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Buddleja officinalis Maxim., Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) | 100 | Two times/day; 200 mL/time |
Two months | NPDR (Qi-Yin deficiency and meridian stasis syndrome) |
Fengrun District People’s Hospital | (Shi et al. 2019) |
| Zhi-Xue-San-Yu-Ming-Mu Tang | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep., Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius, Equisetum hyemale L., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae) | 120 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day | Three months | NPDR (Qi-Yin deficiency and meridian stasis syndrome) |
Hebi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Huangsi Cosmetic Surgery Hospital |
(Cui et al. 2019) |
| Yi-Qi-Tong-Luo Decoction | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Typha angustifolia L., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Buthus martensii Karsch | 20 | One dose of Water Decoction/two times/day; 200 mL/time | 45 days | PDR (Stage IV) |
Wuji Country Hospital | (Zhang 2016) |
| Da-Ming Drink | Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Typha angustifolia L., Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae), Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Bupleurum chinense DC. | 30 (eyes) | Two times/day; 150 mL/time | Three months | NPDR (Qi-Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome); |
First Affilliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese medicine | (Sun and Jiang 2013) |
| 45 | Two times/day; 150 mL/time | One month | NPDR (Qi-Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome) |
Zhoukou Eye Hospital | (Wang, Sun, et al. 2023) | ||
| Xi-Shi Drink | Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae) | 79 | Three times/day; 10 mL/time | Three months | NPDR (Blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome) |
The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University | (Zhang et al. 2020) |
| Tian-Jiang-Xue-Shuan-Tong Pills | Gastrodia elata Bl., Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier), Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Agkstrodon halys (Pallas), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Acorus tatarinowii Schott, Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Whitmania pigra Whitman, Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Fabaceae) | 35 | Two times/day; 2 pills/time | Four months | NPDR (Blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome) |
Beichen District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Community Health Service Center of Xiditou Town in Beichen District; Tianjin Eye Hospital |
(Dai et al. 2020) |
| Shi-Qing Drink | Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Lycium barbarum L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae), Lilium lancifolium Thunb., Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Campanulaceae), Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae), Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae) | 30 | Two times/day; 15 g/time | One month | Cataract with NPDR (Stasis-heat blocking collaterals syndrome) | Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine | (Zhang, Xu, Zhao, et al. 2018) |
| Zheng-Yuan-Yun-Sheng Dripping Pills | Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae), Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae), Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Campanulaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn) DC (Plantaginaceae) | 20 | Three times/day; 5 dripping pills/time | Three months | Diabetic macular edema | Jilin Province People’s Hospital | (Guan et al. 2013) |
| Pu-Ren Dan (PRD) | Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Whitmania pigra Whitman | 24 | Two times/day; 9 g/time | Three months | NPDR | Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College | (Wang, Zhang, et al. 2019) |
| Mu-Xue-Kang Capsules | Manis pentadactyla L., Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae), Pteria martensii (Dunker) | 121 | Three times/day; 3 capsules/time | Six months | NPDR (Stage I and II) |
Hebei Eye Hospital | (Li, Feng, et al. 2017) |