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. 2024 Jun 15;32(2):227–238. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3506

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This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — Effects of ibuprofen and metformin on lipid metabolism.

The effects of chronic treatment by ibuprofen (IBU; dark blue columns) and metformin (MET; bright blue columns) were compared with the ZDF vehicle control group (CONT; black columns) and lean controls (LEAN; light blue columns) after 30 days. (A) Levels of adiponectin were analyzed and expressed as ug/mL. (B) Levels of triglycerides were analyzed and expressed as mg/dL. (C) Levels of free fatty acids (FFA) were analyzed and expressed as mg/dL. (D) Levels of cholesterol were analyzed and expressed as mg/dL. (E) Levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL-C) were analyzed and expressed as mg/dL. (F) Levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL-C) were analyzed and expressed as mg/dL. Mean values + standard deviation for the different treatment groups. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences from the ZDF vehicle control group with p < 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001, respectively, as analyzed by ANOVA analysis.