Table 6.
Risk factors for infections caused by P. kudriavzevii.
| Author | Year | Study design | Study period | Country | Level of care | Population description | Number of patients | Number of P. kudriavzevii isolates | Risk factors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaur12 | 2020 | Retrospective cohort study | Single centre | 01/2014-12/2014 | India | Tertiary | Adult and paediatric patients with candidaemia | 316 (n = 186 paediatric, 130 adults) | 316 | Significantly greater prevalence in paediatric group (44%, 82/186) vs. adults (10.8%, 14/130; P < 0.001).Gastrointestinal disease (P = 0.018), prior use of antibiotics (P = 0.021), exposure to carbapenems (P = 0.039). |
| Kaur23 | 2020 | Retrospective cohort study | Single centre | 01/1999-12/2018 | India | Tertiary | Patients with candidaemia | 7927 | 527 | Paediatric patients: 422/527 (80.1%) paediatric vs. 105/527 (19.9%) adults |
| Kronen13 | 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | Single centre | 01/2002-01/2015 | US | Tertiary | Patients with candidaemia | 1873 | 59 | Six variables (multivariate analysis): Haematologic malignancy (OR, 10.7; 95% CI, 5.1-22.4),gastric malignancy (OR, 14.7; 95% CI, 3.0-72.8), neutropenia (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1), prior azole use (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7), prior monoclonal antibody use (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.0-14.9), and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor use (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.7) within 90 days prior to Candida BSI. |
| Lausch32 | 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | Multi-centre | 2010-2011 | Denmark | Mixed (data from national surveillance) | Adult patients with candidaemia | 841 | 35 | Prior antifungal treatment (AFT): Substantially higher in patients with prior AFT ([12.9% for azoles and 9.1% for echinocandins] vs. 2.2% without prior AFT) |
| van Schalkwyk15 | 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | Single centre | 01/2012-12/2016 | South Africa | Tertiary | Neonates with blood-stream infections during multiple outbreaks | 589 during the first outbreak | 48 | With P. kudriavzevii candidaemia vs. without: Necrotising enterocolitis (aOR 3.1, 95%CI 1.4-6.7),Birthweight (in reference to >2.5kg):extreme low <1kg (aOR 6.5, 95%CI 1.9-21.6),1- <1.5 kg (6.1 (2.1-17.2)),1.5-1.9 kg (3.4 (1.1-10.0)) |
AFT=antifungal treatment, aOR=adjusted odds ratio, OR=odds ratio, BSI=bloodstream infection.