Table 7.
Studies describing annual incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii.
| Author | Year | Study design | Study period | Country | Level of care | Population description | No. of patients | Annual incidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amona et al. | 2020 | NPS MC |
2018 | Republic of Congo | Multiple | Population of the Republic of Congo | 5244 000 estimated | Estimated incidence based on cases of HIV-AIDS 15.8/100 000 people |
| Báez-Saldaña et al. | 2015 | RCS SC |
January 2010–December 2011 |
Mexico | Tertiary | Adults with HIV-AIDS diagnosed with infectious respiratory disease | Total: 308 | PJP cases n = 142 (46.1%) |
| Beardsley et al. | 2015 | CSS MC |
2012 | Vietnam | Multiple | Population of Vietnam | Estimated number of PJP cases: 608 | Estimated incidence based on cases of HIV-AIDS 0.67/100 000 people |
| Coelho et al. | 2014 | RCS SC |
1987–2012 | Brazil | Multiple | Patients with HIV/AIDS aged ≥18 years with opportunistic infections | Total opportunistic infections: 3378 Opportunistic infections (2009–2012): 268 |
PJP cases (2009–2012) n = 22/268 (8.2%) IRR (2012–2009 vs. 1987–1990) 0.03 (P < .001) |
| Evernden et al. | 2020 | RCS SC |
January 2008–June 2017 |
Canada | Tertiary | Adult allogenic HSCT patients receiving anti-thymocyte globulin for GVHD prophylaxis | Total receiving PJP prophylaxis: 649 | PJP cases 21/649 (3.24%) 3-year cumulative PJP incidence 3.52% |
| Faini et al. | 2015 | NPS MC |
2012 | Tanzania | Multiple | Population of Tanzania | 43.6 million estimated. Adults with HIV-AIDS: 1500 000 |
Estimated incidence based on cases of HIV-AIDS n = 9600 ∼22/100 000 people |
| Lagrou et al. | 2015 | NPS MC |
2013 | Belgium | Multiple | Population of Belgium | 11 million estimated. People with HIV-AIDS ∼20 000 |
Estimated incidence n = 120 1.1/100 000 people |
| Lopez-Sanchez et al. | 2015 | RCS SC |
January 2000–December 2013 |
Spain | Tertiary | Adults with HIV-AIDS and PJP | PJP cases: 136 | 1.3–3.3/1000 person-years |
| Macedo-Viñas and Denning | 2018 | CSS MC |
2016 | Uruguay | Multiple | Population of Uruguay | Population of Uruguay: 3444 006 estimated People with HIV-AIDS ∼12 000 |
Estimated incidence based on cases of HIV-AIDS n = 48 1.4/100 000 people |
| Neofytos et al. | 2018 | RCS MC |
2008–2016 | Switzerland | Multiple | All patients within the national SOT registry of Switzerland | Total: 2842 Diagnosed with PJP: 41 |
Overall incidence 0.01/1000 person-days (95% CI 0.009–0.02) |
| Özenci et al. | 2019 | CSS MC |
2016 | Sweden | Multiple | Population of Sweden | Population of Sweden: 9995 153 estimated |
3/100 000 people |
| Quinn et al. | 2018 | RCS SC |
January 2007–August 2014 | USA | Tertiary | Paediatric oncology patients receiving ≥1 dose of pentamidine | Total: 754 Suspected PJP: 4 (0.5%) |
Rate 0.03/1000 patient-days (95% CI 0.009–0.07) |
| Schmidt et al. | 2018 | RCS SC |
January 2000–June 2017 |
Germany | Tertiary | Confirmed PJP | Total: 240 HIV-AIDS: 125 (52.1%) SOT: 39 (16.3%) Chemotherapy: 38 (15.8%) |
PJP cases annually n = 13 ± 5 |
| Tufa et al. | 2019 | CSS MC |
2017 | Ethiopia | Multiple | Population of Ethiopia | 105 000 000 estimated People with HIV-AIDS: 12 700 estimated |
Estimated incidence 12.1/100 000 person-years IR (HIV-AIDS vs. HIV-negative) 1/6.1 |
CCS, case control study; CI, confidence interval; GVHD, graft versus host disease; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSCT, haematopoietic stem cell transplant; IR, incidence ratio; IRR, incidence rate ratio; IV, intravenous; MC, multicentre; NPS, national prevalence study; NS, not stated (by authors); PCS, prospective cohort study; PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; R-CHOP, rituximab/cyclophosphamide/hydroxydaunorubicin/prednisone; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RCS, retrospective cohort study; SC, single centre; SOT, solid organ transplant; TMP–SMX, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole.