Table 1.
Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis inducers in cancer treatment.
| Agents | Mechanism of action | Cancer types | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-octyl itaconate | Activates ferritinophagy | Retinoblastoma | [200] |
| 6-Gingerol | Inhibits USP14 | Lung cancer | [201] |
| d-Borneol | Activates ferritinophagy | Lung cancer | [202] |
| Allicin | Activates AMPK-MTOR | Esophageal squamous | [203] |
| Amentoflavone | Activates AMPK-MTOR | Glioma | [204] |
| ATPR | Increases ROS | Acute myeloid leukemia | [205] |
| Chrysin | Increases ROS | Pancreatic cancer | [92] |
| Curcumin | Increases BECN1 and MAP1LC3-II | Lung cancer | [206] |
| Dihydroartemisinin | Activates ferritinophagy | Acute myeloid leukemia | [207] |
| Erastin | Activates ferritinophagy | Cervical cancer | [208] |
| FIN56 | Induces GPX4 degradation and activates ferritinophagy | Bladder cancer, lung cancer | [114,125] |
| Formosanin C | Activates ferritinophagy | Liver cancer | [209] |
| FTY720 | Activates AMPK | Multiple myeloma | [210] |
| Itaconic acid | Activates ferritinophagy | Pancreatic cancer | [211] |
| JQ1 | Activates ferritinophagy | Lung cancer, breast cancer | [212] |
| MMRi62 | Activates ferritinophagy | Pancreatic cancer | [213] |
| Newcastle disease virus | Activates ferritinophagy | Glioma | [214] |
| Nanoparticle: CPNs-ART | Increases ROS | Lewis lung carcinoma | [215] |
| Nanoparticle: FPBC@SN | Activates ferritinophagy | Breast cancer | [216] |
| Nanoparticle: HMCMs | Activates autophagy | Breast cancer | [217] |
| Nanoparticle: IONP@PTX | Increases BECN1 | Glioblastoma | [218] |
| Nanoparticle: NFER | Activates autophagy | Breast cancer | [219] |
| Nanoparticle: TFPs | Activates autophagy | Breast cancer | [220] |
| Nanoparticle: TreMMM | Activates ferritinophagy | Pancreatic cancer, breast cancer | [221] |
| Plasma-activated lactate | Activates lysosomal NO production and activates autophagy | Mesothelioma | [191] |
| Quercetin | Activates TFEB | Breast cancer | [187] |
| Rapamycin | Induces GPX4 degradation | Pancreatic cancer | [127] |
| RSL3 | Activates clockophagy | Lung cancer | [114] |
| Shikonin | Activates ferritinophagy | Multiple myeloma | [222] |
| Typhaneoside | Activates AMPK | Acute myeloid leukemia | [223] |
| Vitamin C | Activates ferritinophagy | Anaplastic thyroid cancer | [224] |
| Zalcitabine | Activates mitochondrial DNA stress | Pancreatic cancer | [172] |